King James Version

What Does Job 3:19 Mean?

Job 3:19 in the King James Version says “The small and great are there; and the servant is free from his master. — study this verse from Job chapter 3 with commentary, cross-references, and original Hebrew word analysis.

The small and great are there; and the servant is free from his master.

Job 3:19 · KJV


Context

17

There the wicked cease from troubling; and there the weary be at rest. weary: Heb. wearied in strength

18

There the prisoners rest together; they hear not the voice of the oppressor.

19

The small and great are there; and the servant is free from his master.

20

Wherefore is light given to him that is in misery, and life unto the bitter in soul;

21

Which long for death, but it cometh not; and dig for it more than for hid treasures; long: Heb. wait


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
Job declares, 'The small and great are there; and the servant is free from his master.' Death abolishes all earthly hierarchies and distinctions. The slave finds freedom from his master not through rebellion or manumission but through death's great leveling. For Job, whose wealth and status have vanished, this equality in death seems preferable to continued life with its painful reversals of fortune. This anticipates the gospel truth that in Christ, earthly distinctions fade (Galatians 3:28).

KJV Study — Public Domain

Historical & Cultural Context

Ancient Near Eastern societies had rigid class structures with significant gaps between the powerful and powerless. Job's observation that death eliminates these distinctions was countercultural and radical.

Reflection Questions

  1. How does the gospel's elimination of earthly distinctions provide comfort in suffering?
  2. What does Job's focus on death's equalizing effect reveal about the injustices he perceives in his current suffering?

Original Language Analysis

Hebrew · 7 words
קָטֹ֣ן1 of 7

The small

H6996

abbreviated, i.e., diminutive, literally (in quantity, size or number) or figuratively (in age or importance)

וְ֭גָדוֹל2 of 7

and great

H1419

great (in any sense); hence, older; also insolent

שָׁ֣ם3 of 7
H8033

there (transferring to time) then; often thither, or thence

ה֑וּא4 of 7
H1931

he (she or it); only expressed when emphatic or without a verb; also (intensively) self, or (especially with the article) the same; sometimes (as demo

וְ֝עֶ֗בֶד5 of 7

are there and the servant

H5650

a servant

חָפְשִׁ֥י6 of 7

is free

H2670

exempt (from bondage, tax or care)

מֵֽאֲדֹנָֽיו׃7 of 7

from his master

H113

sovereign, i.e., controller (human or divine)


Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of Job. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

Job 3:19 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

Cross-References

Verses related to Job 3:19 from Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

Test Your Knowledge

Continue Your Study