King James Version

What Does Jeremiah 31:36 Mean?

Jeremiah 31:36 in the King James Version says “If those ordinances depart from before me, saith the LORD, then the seed of Israel also shall cease from being a nation ... — study this verse from Jeremiah chapter 31 with commentary, cross-references, and original Hebrew word analysis.

If those ordinances depart from before me, saith the LORD, then the seed of Israel also shall cease from being a nation before me for ever.

Jeremiah 31:36 · KJV


Context

34

And they shall teach no more every man his neighbour, and every man his brother, saying, Know the LORD: for they shall all know me, from the least of them unto the greatest of them, saith the LORD: for I will forgive their iniquity, and I will remember their sin no more.

35

Thus saith the LORD, which giveth the sun for a light by day, and the ordinances of the moon and of the stars for a light by night, which divideth the sea when the waves thereof roar; The LORD of hosts is his name:

36

If those ordinances depart from before me, saith the LORD, then the seed of Israel also shall cease from being a nation before me for ever.

37

Thus saith the LORD; If heaven above can be measured, and the foundations of the earth searched out beneath, I will also cast off all the seed of Israel for all that they have done, saith the LORD.

38

Behold, the days come, saith the LORD, that the city shall be built to the LORD from the tower of Hananeel unto the gate of the corner.


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
This verse completes the thought from verse 35: only if the sun, moon, and stars cease their courses will Israel cease to be a nation before God. This is an impossibility—therefore Israel's continuation is certain. The phrase 'seed of Israel' refers to the covenant people, the descendants of Jacob. God promises their perpetual existence, regardless of human unfaithfulness or historical catastrophes.

This raises important theological questions about Israel's continuing role in God's purposes. Reformed theology has wrestled with how this relates to the church. Some see the church as the 'new Israel' that completely replaces ethnic Israel. Others see a continuing distinction, with God's purposes for ethnic Israel distinct from but related to the church. Romans 9-11 addresses these questions, affirming that God's gifts and calling regarding Israel are irrevocable, yet also that Gentiles are grafted into the people of God.

The safest interpretation affirms both/and: the church (including both Jewish and Gentile believers) is the fulfillment of Israel's purpose as God's people, yet this does not negate God's continuing purposes for ethnic Israel. All true Israel is saved (Romans 11:26)—both the believing remnant from ethnic Israel and Gentiles brought in through faith. The permanence promised here ultimately applies to all who are in Christ, the true seed of Abraham (Galatians 3:29).

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Historical & Cultural Context

Throughout history, attempts have been made to destroy the Jewish people—from Pharaoh to Haman to Antiochus to Hitler. Yet they persist, against all odds. This survival testifies to God's covenant faithfulness. Even when most Jews rejected Jesus as Messiah, a remnant believed (Romans 11:5), and the gospel went to Gentiles. Yet Paul insists God has not rejected His people (Romans 11:1), and all Israel will be saved (Romans 11:26).

Reflection Questions

  1. How should we understand God's irrevocable covenant with Israel in light of the church as God's people including Gentiles?
  2. What does the Jewish people's continued existence throughout history reveal about God's covenant faithfulness?
  3. How does understanding Israel's permanence inform our interpretation of biblical prophecy and eschatology?

Original Language Analysis

Hebrew · 16 words
אִם1 of 16
H518

used very widely as demonstrative, lo!; interrogative, whether?; or conditional, if, although; also oh that!, when; hence, as a negative, not

יָמֻ֜שׁוּ2 of 16

depart

H4185

to withdraw (both literally and figuratively, whether intransitive or transitive)

הַחֻקִּ֥ים3 of 16

If those ordinances

H2706

an enactment; hence, an appointment (of time, space, quantity, labor or usage)

הָאֵ֛לֶּה4 of 16
H428

these or those

לְפָנַ֖י5 of 16

before

H6440

the face (as the part that turns); used in a great variety of applications (literally and figuratively); also (with prepositional prefix) as a preposi

נְאֻם6 of 16

me saith

H5002

an oracle

יְהוָ֑ה7 of 16

the LORD

H3068

(the) self-existent or eternal; jeho-vah, jewish national name of god

גַּם֩8 of 16
H1571

properly, assemblage; used only adverbially also, even, yea, though; often repeated as correl. both...and

זֶ֨רַע9 of 16

then the seed

H2233

seed; figuratively, fruit, plant, sowing-time, posterity

יִשְׂרָאֵ֜ל10 of 16

of Israel

H3478

he will rule as god; jisral, a symbolical name of jacob; also (typically) of his posterity

יִשְׁבְּת֗וּ11 of 16

also shall cease

H7673

to repose, i.e., desist from exertion; used in many implied relations (causative, figurative or specific)

מִֽהְי֥וֹת12 of 16
H1961

to exist, i.e., be or become, come to pass (always emphatic, and not a mere copula or auxiliary)

גּ֛וֹי13 of 16

from being a nation

H1471

a foreign nation; hence, a gentile; also (figuratively) a troop of animals, or a flight of locusts

לְפָנַ֖י14 of 16

before

H6440

the face (as the part that turns); used in a great variety of applications (literally and figuratively); also (with prepositional prefix) as a preposi

כָּל15 of 16
H3605

properly, the whole; hence, all, any or every (in the singular only, but often in a plural sense)

הַיָּמִֽים׃16 of 16

me for ever

H3117

a day (as the warm hours), whether literal (from sunrise to sunset, or from one sunset to the next), or figurative (a space of time defined by an asso


Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of Jeremiah. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

Jeremiah 31:36 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

Cross-References

Verses related to Jeremiah 31:36 from Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

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