King James Version

What Does Jeremiah 25:26 Mean?

And all the kings of the north, far and near, one with another, and all the kingdoms of the world, which are upon the face of the earth: and the king of Sheshach shall drink after them.

Jeremiah 25:26 · KJV


Context

24

And all the kings of Arabia, and all the kings of the mingled people that dwell in the desert,

25

And all the kings of Zimri, and all the kings of Elam, and all the kings of the Medes,

26

And all the kings of the north, far and near, one with another, and all the kingdoms of the world, which are upon the face of the earth: and the king of Sheshach shall drink after them.

27

Therefore thou shalt say unto them, Thus saith the LORD of hosts, the God of Israel; Drink ye, and be drunken, and spue, and fall, and rise no more, because of the sword which I will send among you.

28

And it shall be, if they refuse to take the cup at thine hand to drink, then shalt thou say unto them, Thus saith the LORD of hosts; Ye shall certainly drink.


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
And all the kings of the north, far and near, one with another, and all the kingdoms of the world, which are upon the face of the earth: and the king of Sheshach shall drink after them. The phrase kol-malkê haṣṣāp̄ôn (כָּל־מַלְכֵי הַצָּפוֹן, all the kings of the north) encompasses kingdoms from Babylon north through Anatolia. The phrase kol mamlĕkōṯ hāʾāreṣ ʾăsher ʿal-pĕnê hāʾăḏāmâ (כֹּל מַמְלְכוֹת הָאָרֶץ אֲשֶׁר עַל־פְּנֵי הָאֲדָמָה, all the kingdoms of the world which are upon the face of the earth) represents universal scope—every nation without exception.

The climactic phrase ûmelek Shēshak yišteh ʾaḥărêhem (וּמֶלֶךְ שֵׁשַׁךְ יִשְׁתֶּה אַחֲרֵיהֶם, and the king of Sheshach shall drink after them) uses an Atbash cipher (Hebrew alphabet reversal) where Sheshach (ששך) = Babel/Babylon (בבל). Babylon administers the cup to all nations but must finally drink it himself. This ironic reversal demonstrates poetic justice—the instrument of judgment faces judgment. The pattern recurs: Assyria judged, then judged; Babylon judged, then judged; Rome executed God's judgment on Jerusalem (AD 70) but itself fell. Only God's kingdom endures forever (Daniel 2:44).

KJV Study — Public Domain

Historical & Cultural Context

The phrase 'all kingdoms of the world' reflects an ancient Near Eastern perspective where the known world meant the Fertile Crescent and surrounding territories. Yet the principle is truly universal—all human kingdoms are temporary, all face judgment. The Atbash cipher for Babylon appears also in Jeremiah 51:41, creating coded prophecy during a time when openly predicting Babylon's fall could be dangerous. When Babylon fell to Persia (539 BC), the prophecy was fulfilled—the judge was judged.

Reflection Questions

  1. How does the phrase 'all kingdoms of the world' establish God's absolute sovereignty over human history and political power?
  2. What does the ironic reversal—Babylon administering judgment but then facing it—teach about the temporary nature of all human empires?
  3. How should the certainty that every earthly kingdom will fall shape Christian political engagement and where we place ultimate allegiance?

Original Language Analysis

Hebrew · 21 words
וְאֵ֣ת׀1 of 21
H853

properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)

כָּל2 of 21
H3605

properly, the whole; hence, all, any or every (in the singular only, but often in a plural sense)

וּמֶ֥לֶךְ3 of 21

And all the kings

H4428

a king

הַצָּפ֗וֹן4 of 21

of the north

H6828

properly, hidden, i.e., dark; used only of the north as a quarter (gloomy and unknown)

הַקְּרֹבִ֤ים5 of 21

and near

H7138

near (in place, kindred or time)

וְהָֽרְחֹקִים֙6 of 21

far

H7350

remote, literally or figuratively, of place or time; specifically, precious; often used adverbially (with preposition)

אִ֣ישׁ7 of 21

one

H376

a man as an individual or a male person; often used as an adjunct to a more definite term (and in such cases frequently not expressed in translation)

אֶל8 of 21
H413

near, with or among; often in general, to

אָחִ֔יו9 of 21

with another

H251

a brother (used in the widest sense of literal relationship and metaphorical affinity or resemblance [like h0001])

וְאֵת֙10 of 21
H853

properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)

כָּל11 of 21
H3605

properly, the whole; hence, all, any or every (in the singular only, but often in a plural sense)

הַמַּמְלְכ֣וֹת12 of 21

and all the kingdoms

H4467

dominion, i.e., (abstractly) the estate (rule) or (concretely) the country (realm)

הָאָ֔רֶץ13 of 21

of the world

H776

the earth (at large, or partitively a land)

אֲשֶׁ֖ר14 of 21
H834

who, which, what, that; also (as an adverb and a conjunction) when, where, how, because, in order that, etc

עַל15 of 21
H5921

above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applications

פְּנֵ֣י16 of 21

which are upon the face

H6440

the face (as the part that turns); used in a great variety of applications (literally and figuratively); also (with prepositional prefix) as a preposi

הָאֲדָמָ֑ה17 of 21

of the earth

H127

soil (from its general redness)

וּמֶ֥לֶךְ18 of 21

And all the kings

H4428

a king

שֵׁשַׁ֖ךְ19 of 21

of Sheshach

H8347

sheshak, a symbolic name of babylon

יִשְׁתֶּ֥ה20 of 21

shall drink

H8354

to imbibe (literally or figuratively)

אַחֲרֵיהֶֽם׃21 of 21

after

H310

properly, the hind part; generally used as an adverb or conjunction, after (in various senses)


Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of Jeremiah. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

Jeremiah 25:26 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

Cross-References

Verses related to Jeremiah 25:26 from Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

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