King James Version

What Does Jeremiah 25:16 Mean?

Jeremiah 25:16 in the King James Version says “And they shall drink, and be moved, and be mad, because of the sword that I will send among them. — study this verse from Jeremiah chapter 25 with commentary, cross-references, and original Hebrew word analysis.

And they shall drink, and be moved, and be mad, because of the sword that I will send among them.

Jeremiah 25:16 · KJV


Context

14

For many nations and great kings shall serve themselves of them also: and I will recompense them according to their deeds, and according to the works of their own hands.

15

For thus saith the LORD God of Israel unto me; Take the wine cup of this fury at my hand, and cause all the nations, to whom I send thee, to drink it.

16

And they shall drink, and be moved, and be mad, because of the sword that I will send among them.

17

Then took I the cup at the LORD'S hand, and made all the nations to drink, unto whom the LORD had sent me:

18

To wit, Jerusalem, and the cities of Judah, and the kings thereof, and the princes thereof, to make them a desolation, an astonishment, an hissing, and a curse; as it is this day;


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
And they shall drink, and be moved, and be mad, because of the sword that I will send among them. The effects of drinking God's wrath cup are comprehensive devastation. The verb gāʿâ (גָּעָה, be moved) suggests staggering like a drunk person, losing stability and control. The term hiṯhôlālû (הִתְהוֹלָלוּ, be mad) indicates frenzied, irrational behavior—the chaos and terror of societies collapsing under military conquest. The phrase mipnê haḥereḇ ʾăsher ʾānōḵî shōlēaḥ bênêhem (מִפְּנֵי הַחֶרֶב אֲשֶׁר אָנֹכִי שֹׁלֵחַ בֵּינֵיהֶם, because of the sword that I will send among them) identifies war as God's instrument of judgment.

This imagery describes war's dehumanizing horror—rational order dissolves into chaos, civilization descends into madness. Yet Scripture consistently attributes such judgments to God's active purpose, not mere historical accident. The 'sword' God sends represents human warfare, but directed by divine sovereignty to accomplish His purposes. This doesn't excuse human evil—Babylon's cruelty was sinful—but recognizes God's providence overruling human wickedness to execute justice. The ultimate fulfillment is final judgment, when God's wrath is poured out completely (Revelation 14:10, 16:19).

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Historical & Cultural Context

The decades following this prophecy (605-539 BC) saw unprecedented warfare across the ancient Near East. Nebuchadnezzar's campaigns devastated nation after nation—Judah, Egypt, Tyre, Moab, Ammon, Edom. The archaeological record confirms widespread destruction of cities and dramatic population decline. Survivors described the horror: siege, famine, disease, massacre, slavery. This was the 'cup of fury' being administered, societies 'staggering' and descending into chaos under divine judgment.

Reflection Questions

  1. How does this imagery of nations 'staggering' and going 'mad' describe the breakdown of society under God's judgment?
  2. What does God's use of human warfare ('the sword I will send') teach about divine providence working through historical events?
  3. How should the horror of temporal judgment prepare us to take seriously warnings of eternal judgment?

Original Language Analysis

Hebrew · 9 words
וְשָׁת֕וּ1 of 9

And they shall drink

H8354

to imbibe (literally or figuratively)

וְהִֽתְגֹּֽעֲשׁ֖וּ2 of 9

and be moved

H1607

to agitate violently

וְהִתְהֹלָ֑לוּ3 of 9

and be mad

H1984

to be clear (orig. of sound, but usually of color); to shine; hence, to make a show, to boast; and thus to be (clamorously) foolish; to rave; causativ

מִפְּנֵ֣י4 of 9

because

H6440

the face (as the part that turns); used in a great variety of applications (literally and figuratively); also (with prepositional prefix) as a preposi

הַחֶ֔רֶב5 of 9

of the sword

H2719

drought; also a cutting instrument (from its destructive effect), as a knife, sword, or other sharp implement

אֲשֶׁ֛ר6 of 9
H834

who, which, what, that; also (as an adverb and a conjunction) when, where, how, because, in order that, etc

אָנֹכִ֥י7 of 9
H595

i

שֹׁלֵ֖חַ8 of 9

that I will send

H7971

to send away, for, or out (in a great variety of applications)

בֵּינֹתָֽם׃9 of 9
H996

between (repeated before each noun, often with other particles); also as a conjunction, either...or


Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of Jeremiah. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

Jeremiah 25:16 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

Cross-References

Verses related to Jeremiah 25:16 from Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

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