King James Version

What Does Jeremiah 12:17 Mean?

Jeremiah 12:17 in the King James Version says “But if they will not obey, I will utterly pluck up and destroy that nation, saith the LORD. — study this verse from Jeremiah chapter 12 with commentary, cross-references, and original Hebrew word analysis.

But if they will not obey, I will utterly pluck up and destroy that nation, saith the LORD.

Jeremiah 12:17 · KJV


Context

15

And it shall come to pass, after that I have plucked them out I will return, and have compassion on them, and will bring them again, every man to his heritage, and every man to his land.

16

And it shall come to pass, if they will diligently learn the ways of my people, to swear by my name, The LORD liveth; as they taught my people to swear by Baal; then shall they be built in the midst of my people.

17

But if they will not obey, I will utterly pluck up and destroy that nation, saith the LORD.


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
This verse warns of judgment for refusal: 'But if they will not obey, I will utterly pluck up and destroy that nation, saith the LORD.' The conditional 'if they will not obey' (im lo yishme'u) makes the offer genuine, not automatic. 'Utterly pluck up' (natosh entosh) uses emphatic verbal construction—complete removal. 'Destroy' (abad) indicates perish, be lost. Nations who refuse the invitation to learn YHWH's ways face total destruction. The choice is binary: join God's people through faith or face judgment as God's enemies. This concludes chapter 12's movement from Jeremiah's complaint through divine response to universal invitation with warning.

KJV Study — Public Domain

Historical & Cultural Context

This warning was fulfilled in various degrees for surrounding nations. Edom in particular faced complete destruction (Obadiah, Malachi 1:2-5), becoming a byword for divine judgment. The binary choice—inclusion or destruction—anticipates gospel proclamation: believe and be saved, or refuse and perish. The Old Testament already contains this universal invitation with consequences.

Reflection Questions

  1. How does the binary choice between inclusion and destruction prefigure the gospel's offer and warning?
  2. What nations today might be in the position of refusing to 'learn the ways' of God's people?

Original Language Analysis

Hebrew · 11 words
וְאִ֖ם1 of 11
H518

used very widely as demonstrative, lo!; interrogative, whether?; or conditional, if, although; also oh that!, when; hence, as a negative, not

לֹ֣א2 of 11
H3808

not (the simple or abs. negation); by implication, no; often used with other particles

יִשְׁמָ֑עוּ3 of 11

But if they will not obey

H8085

to hear intelligently (often with implication of attention, obedience, etc.; causatively, to tell, etc.)

נָת֥וֹשׁ4 of 11

I will utterly

H5428

to tear away

אֶת5 of 11
H853

properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)

הַגּ֥וֹי6 of 11

that nation

H1471

a foreign nation; hence, a gentile; also (figuratively) a troop of animals, or a flight of locusts

הַה֛וּא7 of 11
H1931

he (she or it); only expressed when emphatic or without a verb; also (intensively) self, or (especially with the article) the same; sometimes (as demo

נָת֥וֹשׁ8 of 11

I will utterly

H5428

to tear away

וְאַבֵּ֖ד9 of 11

and destroy

H6

properly, to wander away, i.e., lose oneself; by implication to perish (causative, destroy)

נְאֻם10 of 11

saith

H5002

an oracle

יְהוָֽה׃11 of 11

the LORD

H3068

(the) self-existent or eternal; jeho-vah, jewish national name of god


Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of Jeremiah. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

Jeremiah 12:17 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

Cross-References

Verses related to Jeremiah 12:17 from Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

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