King James Version

What Does Jeremiah 12:1 Mean?

Jeremiah 12:1 in the King James Version says “Righteous art thou, O LORD, when I plead with thee: yet let me talk with thee of thy judgments: Wherefore doth the way o... — study this verse from Jeremiah chapter 12 with commentary, cross-references, and original Hebrew word analysis.

Righteous art thou, O LORD, when I plead with thee: yet let me talk with thee of thy judgments: Wherefore doth the way of the wicked prosper? wherefore are all they happy that deal very treacherously? talk: or, reason the case with thee

Jeremiah 12:1 · KJV


Context

1

Righteous art thou, O LORD, when I plead with thee: yet let me talk with thee of thy judgments: Wherefore doth the way of the wicked prosper? wherefore are all they happy that deal very treacherously? talk: or, reason the case with thee

2

Thou hast planted them, yea, they have taken root: they grow, yea, they bring forth fruit: thou art near in their mouth, and far from their reins. they grow: Heb. they go on

3

But thou, O LORD, knowest me: thou hast seen me, and tried mine heart toward thee: pull them out like sheep for the slaughter, and prepare them for the day of slaughter. toward: Heb. with thee


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
This verse opens Jeremiah's complaint: 'Righteous art thou, O LORD, when I plead with thee.' The Hebrew tsaddiq attah (צַדִּיק אַתָּה) affirms God's righteousness as foundation for the complaint. 'Plead with thee' (riv, contend legally) indicates formal disputation—Jeremiah brings his case to God's court. 'Yet let me talk with thee of thy judgments.' The prophet requests dialogue about mishpatim (מִשְׁפָּטִים, judgments, ordinances, ways of justice). 'Wherefore doth the way of the wicked prosper?' This is the perennial theodicy question—why do the unrighteous succeed? 'Wherefore are all they happy that deal very treacherously?' The 'treacherous' (bogedim) prosper while the faithful suffer. Jeremiah's complaint anticipates Psalm 73, Job, and Habakkuk.

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Historical & Cultural Context

This is Jeremiah's second 'confession' (12:1-6), following the Anathoth plot. Having just experienced betrayal by his hometown while faithfully proclaiming God's word, he questions why the wicked prosper. This pattern—faithful prophet suffering while apostates thrive—contradicted simple reward/punishment theology. The exile would force Israel to develop more sophisticated understanding of suffering.

Reflection Questions

  1. How does affirming God's righteousness provide foundation for questioning His ways?
  2. What makes the prosperity of the wicked such a troubling theological problem?

Original Language Analysis

Hebrew · 18 words
צַדִּ֤יק1 of 18

Righteous

H6662

just

אַתָּה֙2 of 18
H859

thou and thee, or (plural) ye and you

יְהוָ֔ה3 of 18

art thou O LORD

H3068

(the) self-existent or eternal; jeho-vah, jewish national name of god

כִּ֥י4 of 18
H3588

(by implication) very widely used as a relative conjunction or adverb (as below); often largely modified by other particles annexed

אָרִ֖יב5 of 18

when I plead

H7378

properly, to toss, i.e., grapple; mostly figuratively, to wrangle, i.e., hold a controversy; (by implication) to defend

אֵלֶ֑יךָ6 of 18
H413

near, with or among; often in general, to

אַ֤ךְ7 of 18
H389

a particle of affirmation, surely; hence (by limitation) only

מִשְׁפָּטִים֙8 of 18

with thee of thy judgments

H4941

properly, a verdict (favorable or unfavorable) pronounced judicially, especially a sentence or formal decree (human or (participant's) divine law, ind

אֲדַבֵּ֣ר9 of 18

with thee yet let me talk

H1696

perhaps properly, to arrange; but used figuratively (of words), to speak; rarely (in a destructive sense) to subdue

אֹתָ֔ךְ10 of 18
H854

properly, nearness (used only as a preposition or an adverb), near; hence, generally, with, by, at, among, etc

מַדּ֗וּעַ11 of 18
H4069

what (is) known?; i.e., (by implication) (adverbially) why?

דֶּ֤רֶךְ12 of 18

Wherefore doth the way

H1870

a road (as trodden); figuratively, a course of life or mode of action, often adverb

רְשָׁעִים֙13 of 18

of the wicked

H7563

morally wrong; concretely, an (actively) bad person

צָלֵ֔חָה14 of 18

prosper

H6743

to push forward, in various senses (literal or figurative, transitive or intransitive)

שָׁל֖וּ15 of 18

wherefore are all they happy

H7951

to be tranquil, i.e., secure or successful

כָּל16 of 18
H3605

properly, the whole; hence, all, any or every (in the singular only, but often in a plural sense)

בֹּ֥גְדֵי17 of 18

that deal very

H899

a covering, i.e., clothing

בָֽגֶד׃18 of 18

treacherously

H898

to cover (with a garment); figuratively, to act covertly; by implication, to pillage


Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of Jeremiah. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

Jeremiah 12:1 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

Cross-References

Verses related to Jeremiah 12:1 from Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

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