King James Version

What Does James 4:5 Mean?

James 4:5 in the King James Version says “Do ye think that the scripture saith in vain, The spirit that dwelleth in us lusteth to envy? to envy: or, enviously? to... — study this verse from James chapter 4 with commentary, cross-references, and original Greek word analysis.

Do ye think that the scripture saith in vain, The spirit that dwelleth in us lusteth to envy? to envy: or, enviously? to envy: or, enviously

James 4:5 · KJV


Context

3

Ye ask, and receive not, because ye ask amiss, that ye may consume it upon your lusts. lusts: or, pleasures

4

Ye adulterers and adulteresses, know ye not that the friendship of the world is enmity with God? whosoever therefore will be a friend of the world is the enemy of God.

5

Do ye think that the scripture saith in vain, The spirit that dwelleth in us lusteth to envy? to envy: or, enviously? to envy: or, enviously

6

But he giveth more grace. Wherefore he saith, God resisteth the proud, but giveth grace unto the humble.

7

Submit yourselves therefore to God. Resist the devil, and he will flee from you.


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
Do ye think that the scripture saith in vain, The spirit that dwelleth in us lusteth to envy? James appeals to Scripture: the Spirit He made to dwell in us yearns jealously (phthonon epipothei, φθόνον ἐπιποθεῖ) for our undivided devotion. God's holy jealousy demands exclusive love, echoing the prophets.

Reformed theology affirms that the indwelling Spirit will not tolerate divided hearts; His jealousy exposes compromise and calls us back to covenant fidelity.

KJV Study — Public Domain

Historical & Cultural Context

Diaspora believers tempted by pagan alliances needed the reminder of God's jealous love. James likely summarizes multiple texts (e.g., Exodus 34:14) to reinforce that the Spirit within us longs for undivided allegiance.

Reflection Questions

  1. Where do you sense the Spirit yearning for deeper devotion from you?
  2. What competing loves must you renounce to honor God's jealousy?
  3. How can community help you maintain undivided loyalty to Christ?

Original Language Analysis

Greek · 16 words
1 of 16
G2228

disjunctive, or; comparative, than

δοκεῖτε2 of 16

Do ye think

G1380

compare the base of g1166) of the same meaning; to think; by implication, to seem (truthfully or uncertainly)

ὅτι3 of 16

that

G3754

demonstrative, that (sometimes redundant); causative, because

κενῶς4 of 16

in vain

G2761

vainly, i.e., to no purpose

5 of 16
G3588

the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)

γραφὴ6 of 16

the scripture

G1124

a document, i.e., holy writ (or its contents or a statement in it)

λέγει7 of 16

saith

G3004

properly, to "lay" forth, i.e., (figuratively) relate (in words (usually of systematic or set discourse; whereas g2036 and g5346 generally refer to an

Πρὸς8 of 16

to

G4314

a preposition of direction; forward to, i.e., toward (with the genitive case, the side of, i.e., pertaining to; with the dative case, by the side of,

φθόνον9 of 16

envy

G5355

ill-will (as detraction), i.e., jealousy (spite)

ἐπιποθεῖ10 of 16

lusteth

G1971

to dote upon, i.e., intensely crave possession (lawfully or wrongfully)

τὸ11 of 16
G3588

the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)

πνεῦμα12 of 16

The spirit

G4151

a current of air, i.e., breath (blast) or a breeze; by analogy or figuratively, a spirit, i.e., (human) the rational soul, (by implication) vital prin

13 of 16

that

G3739

the relatively (sometimes demonstrative) pronoun, who, which, what, that

κατῴκησεν14 of 16

dwelleth

G2730

to house permanently, i.e., reside (literally or figuratively)

ἐν15 of 16

in

G1722

"in," at, (up-)on, by, etc

ἡμῖν16 of 16

us

G2254

to (or for, with, by) us


Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of James. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

James 4:5 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

Cross-References

Verses related to James 4:5 from Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

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