King James Version

What Does Genesis 7:19 Mean?

Genesis 7:19 in the King James Version says “And the waters prevailed exceedingly upon the earth; and all the high hills, that were under the whole heaven, were cove... — study this verse from Genesis chapter 7 with commentary, cross-references, and original Hebrew word analysis.

And the waters prevailed exceedingly upon the earth; and all the high hills, that were under the whole heaven, were covered.

Genesis 7:19 · KJV


Context

17

And the flood was forty days upon the earth; and the waters increased, and bare up the ark, and it was lift up above the earth.

18

And the waters prevailed, and were increased greatly upon the earth; and the ark went upon the face of the waters.

19

And the waters prevailed exceedingly upon the earth; and all the high hills, that were under the whole heaven, were covered.

20

Fifteen cubits upward did the waters prevail; and the mountains were covered.

21

And all flesh died that moved upon the earth, both of fowl, and of cattle, and of beast, and of every creeping thing that creepeth upon the earth, and every man:


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
And the waters prevailed exceedingly upon the earth; and all the high hills, that were under the who... This passage belongs to the primeval history section (Genesis 1-11) which establishes universal truths about God, humanity, sin, and divine purposes before focusing on Abraham and Israel. These chapters answer fundamental questions about human origins, the spread of wickedness, God's judgment, and the preservation of a righteous remnant.

Recurring patterns emerge: human sin escalating from individual disobedience to societal corruption, divine patience followed by judgment, gracious preservation of a remnant, and covenant promises ensuring redemptive purposes continue. The genealogies connect historical persons, demonstrate the fulfillment of divine promises (blessing and multiplication), and trace the line leading to Abraham and ultimately Christ.

Key theological themes in this section include: (1) sin's destructive progression affecting all humanity; (2) God's righteous judgment while preserving mercy; (3) human pride and autonomy opposing divine sovereignty; (4) cultural development as both blessing and potential idolatry; (5) God's sovereign plan advancing despite human rebellion. These narratives provide the necessary context for understanding God's calling of Abraham and the covenant promises through which all nations will be blessed.

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Historical & Cultural Context

The primeval history (Genesis 1-11) parallels ancient Near Eastern traditions including Sumerian King Lists (pre-flood longevity), Akkadian flood traditions (Atrahasis, Gilgamesh), and Mesopotamian city foundation myths. However, Genesis demythologizes these traditions, presenting monotheistic history rather than polytheistic mythology. The genealogies connecting Adam to Noah to Abraham provide historical framework absent in pagan myths.

Archaeological evidence confirms ancient urbanization (chapter 4's cities), agricultural development, metallurgy, and musical instruments emerging in Mesopotamia's early history. The Babel account reflects Mesopotamian ziggurat construction (stepped pyramid temples), particularly in Babylon. Linguistic diversity requiring explanation was obvious to ancient peoples, making the Babel narrative culturally relevant.

For Israel in covenant with Yahweh, these chapters explained their relationship to surrounding nations. All peoples descended from Noah, but Israel descended from Shem through Abraham—chosen for blessing all nations. The flood demonstrated God's justice and mercy: judging wickedness while preserving the righteous. This pattern would recur throughout Israel's history, assuring them that God's covenant faithfulness endures despite judgment on the wicked.

Reflection Questions

  1. How does this verse contribute to the biblical doctrine of creation, fall, or redemption?
  2. How should this truth about Covenant Preservation shape our daily decisions and priorities?
  3. What connections can we trace from this verse to Jesus' life, death, and resurrection?

Original Language Analysis

Hebrew · 14 words
וְהַמַּ֗יִם1 of 14

And the waters

H4325

water; figuratively, juice; by euphemism, urine, semen

גָּ֥בְר֛וּ2 of 14

prevailed

H1396

to be strong; by implication, to prevail, act insolently

מְאֹ֖ד3 of 14

exceedingly

H3966

properly, vehemence, i.e., (with or without preposition) vehemently; by implication, wholly, speedily, etc. (often with other words as an intensive or

מְאֹ֖ד4 of 14

exceedingly

H3966

properly, vehemence, i.e., (with or without preposition) vehemently; by implication, wholly, speedily, etc. (often with other words as an intensive or

עַל5 of 14
H5921

above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applications

הָאָ֑רֶץ6 of 14

upon the earth

H776

the earth (at large, or partitively a land)

וַיְכֻסּ֗וּ7 of 14

were covered

H3680

properly, to plump, i.e., fill up hollows; by implication, to cover (for clothing or secrecy)

כָּל8 of 14
H3605

properly, the whole; hence, all, any or every (in the singular only, but often in a plural sense)

הֶֽהָרִים֙9 of 14

hills

H2022

a mountain or range of hills (sometimes used figuratively)

הַגְּבֹהִ֔ים10 of 14

and all the high

H1364

elevated (or elated), powerful, arrogant

אֲשֶׁר11 of 14
H834

who, which, what, that; also (as an adverb and a conjunction) when, where, how, because, in order that, etc

תַּ֖חַת12 of 14

that were under

H8478

the bottom (as depressed); only adverbially, below (often with prepositional prefix underneath), in lieu of, etc

כָּל13 of 14
H3605

properly, the whole; hence, all, any or every (in the singular only, but often in a plural sense)

הַשָּׁמָֽיִם׃14 of 14

the whole heaven

H8064

the sky (as aloft; the dual perhaps alluding to the visible arch in which the clouds move, as well as to the higher ether where the celestial bodies r


Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of Genesis. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

Genesis 7:19 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

Cross-References

Verses related to Genesis 7:19 from Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

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