King James Version

What Does Genesis 39:22 Mean?

Genesis 39:22 in the King James Version says “And the keeper of the prison committed to Joseph's hand all the prisoners that were in the prison ; and whatsoever they ... — study this verse from Genesis chapter 39 with commentary, cross-references, and original Hebrew word analysis.

And the keeper of the prison committed to Joseph's hand all the prisoners that were in the prison ; and whatsoever they did there, he was the doer of it.

Genesis 39:22 · KJV


Context

20

And Joseph's master took him, and put him into the prison , a place where the king's prisoners were bound: and he was there in the prison .

21

But the LORD was with Joseph, and shewed him mercy, and gave him favour in the sight of the keeper of the prison . shewed: Heb. extended kindness unto him

22

And the keeper of the prison committed to Joseph's hand all the prisoners that were in the prison ; and whatsoever they did there, he was the doer of it.

23

The keeper of the prison looked not to any thing that was under his hand; because the LORD was with him, and that which he did, the LORD made it to prosper.


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
And the keeper of the prison committed to Joseph's hand all the prisoners that were in the prison; a... This passage is part of the Joseph narrative, a masterfully crafted account demonstrating God's sovereign providence working through human choices and circumstances to accomplish His redemptive purposes. The Joseph cycle shows how God transforms evil intentions into instruments of salvation.

Central themes include divine providence orchestrating events toward redemptive ends, the testing and refinement of character through suffering and success, forgiveness overcoming betrayal and injustice, and the preservation of God's covenant people through famine. Joseph's rise from slavery to second-in-command of Egypt illustrates how God exalts the humble and uses seeming disasters for ultimate good.

Theologically, these chapters reveal: (1) God's meticulous sovereignty over all events, even evil human actions; (2) suffering as preparation for future service rather than punishment; (3) forgiveness as reflecting divine character and enabling reconciliation; (4) God's covenant faithfulness across generations ensuring the survival and blessing of His people; (5) how present suffering gains meaning when viewed from the perspective of God's larger purposes. Joseph's words "you meant evil against me, but God meant it for good" (50:20) epitomize biblical theodicy and providence.

KJV Study — Public Domain

Historical & Cultural Context

The patriarchal narratives (Genesis 12-50) reflect the cultural, social, and legal customs of the ancient Near East during the Middle Bronze Age (2000-1500 BCE). Archaeological discoveries including the Mari tablets, Nuzi tablets, and Egyptian records confirm many details: nomadic pastoralism, covenant-making ceremonies, marriage customs, property laws, and international travel patterns described in Genesis.

The cultural practices reflected include: treaty/covenant forms (Genesis 15), bride-price customs (Genesis 24, 29), inheritance laws favoring firstborn sons (Genesis 25, 27), adoption practices (Genesis 15, 30), levirate-type arrangements (Genesis 38), and Egyptian administrative systems (Genesis 41, 47). These parallels confirm Genesis's historical reliability while showing how God worked within ancient cultural frameworks to accomplish His purposes.

For later Israelites, these narratives established their identity as Abraham's descendants, explained their claim to Canaan, justified their possession of Joseph's bones (Exodus 13:19), and provided models of faith despite imperfection. The patriarchs' failures and God's faithfulness encouraged Israel that covenant relationship depended on God's grace rather than human merit. The movement from Mesopotamia to Canaan to Egypt set the stage for the Exodus and conquest narratives.

Reflection Questions

  1. What theological truths about Joseph and Potiphar's Wife emerge from this passage?
  2. How can we apply the principles from this passage to contemporary challenges in family, work, or church?
  3. What connections can we trace from this verse to Jesus' life, death, and resurrection?

Original Language Analysis

Hebrew · 20 words
וַיִּתֵּ֞ן1 of 20

committed

H5414

to give, used with greatest latitude of application (put, make, etc.)

שַׂ֤ר2 of 20

And the keeper

H8269

a head person (of any rank or class)

בְּבֵ֣ית3 of 20

of the prison

H1004

a house (in the greatest variation of applications, especially family, etc.)

הַסֹּ֙הַר֙4 of 20
H5470

a dungeon (as surrounded by walls)

בְּיַד5 of 20

hand

H3027

a hand (the open one [indicating power, means, direction, etc.], in distinction from h3709, the closed one); used (as noun, adverb, etc.) in a great v

יוֹסֵ֔ף6 of 20

to Joseph's

H3130

joseph, the name of seven israelites

אֵ֚ת7 of 20
H853

properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)

כָּל8 of 20
H3605

properly, the whole; hence, all, any or every (in the singular only, but often in a plural sense)

הָ֣אֲסִירִ֔ם9 of 20

all the prisoners

H615

bound, i.e., a captive

אֲשֶׁ֖ר10 of 20
H834

who, which, what, that; also (as an adverb and a conjunction) when, where, how, because, in order that, etc

בְּבֵ֣ית11 of 20

of the prison

H1004

a house (in the greatest variation of applications, especially family, etc.)

הַסֹּ֑הַר12 of 20
H5470

a dungeon (as surrounded by walls)

וְאֵ֨ת13 of 20
H853

properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)

כָּל14 of 20
H3605

properly, the whole; hence, all, any or every (in the singular only, but often in a plural sense)

אֲשֶׁ֤ר15 of 20
H834

who, which, what, that; also (as an adverb and a conjunction) when, where, how, because, in order that, etc

עֹשֶֽׂה׃16 of 20

and whatsoever they did

H6213

to do or make, in the broadest sense and widest application

שָׁ֔ם17 of 20
H8033

there (transferring to time) then; often thither, or thence

ה֖וּא18 of 20
H1931

he (she or it); only expressed when emphatic or without a verb; also (intensively) self, or (especially with the article) the same; sometimes (as demo

הָיָ֥ה19 of 20
H1961

to exist, i.e., be or become, come to pass (always emphatic, and not a mere copula or auxiliary)

עֹשֶֽׂה׃20 of 20

and whatsoever they did

H6213

to do or make, in the broadest sense and widest application


Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of Genesis. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

Genesis 39:22 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

Cross-References

Verses related to Genesis 39:22 from Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

Test Your Knowledge

Continue Your Study