King James Version

What Does Genesis 28:20 Mean?

Genesis 28:20 in the King James Version says “And Jacob vowed a vow, saying, If God will be with me, and will keep me in this way that I go, and will give me bread to... — study this verse from Genesis chapter 28 with commentary, cross-references, and original Hebrew word analysis.

And Jacob vowed a vow, saying, If God will be with me, and will keep me in this way that I go, and will give me bread to eat, and raiment to put on,

Genesis 28:20 · KJV


Context

18

And Jacob rose up early in the morning, and took the stone that he had put for his pillows, and set it up for a pillar, and poured oil upon the top of it.

19

And he called the name of that place Bethel: but the name of that city was called Luz at the first. Bethel: that is, The house of God

20

And Jacob vowed a vow, saying, If God will be with me, and will keep me in this way that I go, and will give me bread to eat, and raiment to put on,

21

So that I come again to my father's house in peace; then shall the LORD be my God:

22

And this stone, which I have set for a pillar, shall be God's house: and of all that thou shalt give me I will surely give the tenth unto thee.


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
And Jacob vowed a vow, saying, If God will be with me, and will keep me in this way that I go, and w... This passage belongs to the Jacob narratives which demonstrate God's sovereign election overriding human merit and the transformation of a deceiver into Israel, the father of the twelve tribes. The Jacob cycle shows how divine purposes advance through flawed individuals whom God graciously transforms.

Key themes include God's sovereign choice ("the older shall serve the younger"), the consequences of deception and family dysfunction, exile and return patterns, wrestling with God leading to blessing, and covenant renewal across generations. Jacob's character development from manipulative deceiver to mature patriarch demonstrates sanctification's lifelong process.

Theologically significant aspects include: (1) divine election based on grace not merit (Romans 9:10-13); (2) God's faithfulness to covenant promises despite human unfaithfulness; (3) discipline as evidence of divine love and means of transformation; (4) generational patterns of sin requiring divine intervention to break; (5) prayer and wrestling with God as legitimate expressions of faith. Jacob's limp after wrestling God symbolizes how divine encounters leave permanent marks, transforming our approach to life and dependence on God rather than our own cunning.

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Historical & Cultural Context

The patriarchal narratives (Genesis 12-50) reflect the cultural, social, and legal customs of the ancient Near East during the Middle Bronze Age (2000-1500 BCE). Archaeological discoveries including the Mari tablets, Nuzi tablets, and Egyptian records confirm many details: nomadic pastoralism, covenant-making ceremonies, marriage customs, property laws, and international travel patterns described in Genesis.

The cultural practices reflected include: treaty/covenant forms (Genesis 15), bride-price customs (Genesis 24, 29), inheritance laws favoring firstborn sons (Genesis 25, 27), adoption practices (Genesis 15, 30), levirate-type arrangements (Genesis 38), and Egyptian administrative systems (Genesis 41, 47). These parallels confirm Genesis's historical reliability while showing how God worked within ancient cultural frameworks to accomplish His purposes.

For later Israelites, these narratives established their identity as Abraham's descendants, explained their claim to Canaan, justified their possession of Joseph's bones (Exodus 13:19), and provided models of faith despite imperfection. The patriarchs' failures and God's faithfulness encouraged Israel that covenant relationship depended on God's grace rather than human merit. The movement from Mesopotamia to Canaan to Egypt set the stage for the Exodus and conquest narratives.

Reflection Questions

  1. How does understanding this verse shape our doctrine of humanity, sin, or salvation?
  2. What specific changes in thinking or behavior does this verse call us to make?
  3. In what ways does this narrative foreshadow or typify aspects of Christ's redemptive work?

Original Language Analysis

Hebrew · 20 words
וַיִּדַּ֥ר1 of 20

vowed

H5087

to promise (pos., to do or give something to god)

יַֽעֲקֹ֖ב2 of 20

And Jacob

H3290

jaakob, the israelitish patriarch

נֶ֣דֶר3 of 20

a vow

H5088

a promise (to god); also (concretely) a thing promised

לֵאמֹ֑ר4 of 20

saying

H559

to say (used with great latitude)

אִם5 of 20
H518

used very widely as demonstrative, lo!; interrogative, whether?; or conditional, if, although; also oh that!, when; hence, as a negative, not

יִֽהְיֶ֨ה6 of 20
H1961

to exist, i.e., be or become, come to pass (always emphatic, and not a mere copula or auxiliary)

אֱלֹהִ֜ים7 of 20

If God

H430

gods in the ordinary sense; but specifically used (in the plural thus, especially with the article) of the supreme god; occasionally applied by way of

עִמָּדִ֗י8 of 20
H5978

along with

וּשְׁמָרַ֙נִי֙9 of 20

will be with me and will keep me

H8104

properly, to hedge about (as with thorns), i.e., guard; generally, to protect, attend to, etc

בַּדֶּ֤רֶךְ10 of 20

in this way

H1870

a road (as trodden); figuratively, a course of life or mode of action, often adverb

הַזֶּה֙11 of 20
H2088

the masculine demonstrative pronoun, this or that

אֲשֶׁ֣ר12 of 20
H834

who, which, what, that; also (as an adverb and a conjunction) when, where, how, because, in order that, etc

אָֽנֹכִ֣י13 of 20
H595

i

הוֹלֵ֔ךְ14 of 20

that I go

H1980

to walk (in a great variety of applications, literally and figuratively)

וְנָֽתַן15 of 20

and will give

H5414

to give, used with greatest latitude of application (put, make, etc.)

לִ֥י16 of 20
H0
לֶ֛חֶם17 of 20

me bread

H3899

food (for man or beast), especially bread, or grain (for making it)

לֶֽאֱכֹ֖ל18 of 20

to eat

H398

to eat (literally or figuratively)

וּבֶ֥גֶד19 of 20

and raiment

H899

a covering, i.e., clothing

לִלְבֹּֽשׁ׃20 of 20

to put on

H3847

properly, wrap around, i.e., (by implication) to put on a garment or clothe (oneself, or another), literally or figuratively


Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of Genesis. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

Genesis 28:20 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

Cross-References

Verses related to Genesis 28:20 from Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

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