King James Version

What Does Ezra 8:1 Mean?

Ezra 8:1 in the King James Version says “These are now the chief of their fathers, and this is the genealogy of them that went up with me from Babylon, in the re... — study this verse from Ezra chapter 8 with commentary, cross-references, and original Hebrew word analysis.

These are now the chief of their fathers, and this is the genealogy of them that went up with me from Babylon, in the reign of Artaxerxes the king.

Ezra 8:1 · KJV


Context

1

These are now the chief of their fathers, and this is the genealogy of them that went up with me from Babylon, in the reign of Artaxerxes the king.

2

Of the sons of Phinehas; Gershom: of the sons of Ithamar; Daniel: of the sons of David; Hattush.

3

Of the sons of Shechaniah, of the sons of Pharosh; Zechariah: and with him were reckoned by genealogy of the males an hundred and fifty.


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
These are now the chief of their fathers, and this is the genealogy of them that went up with me from Babylon, in the reign of Artaxerxes the king. The Hebrew rashei avotam (רָאשֵׁי אֲבוֹתָם, 'heads of their fathers') identifies family patriarchs leading the second return—Ezra's delegation departing nearly 80 years after Zerubbabel's first wave (538 BC). The phrase went up with me (olim immi, עֹלִים עִמִּי) marks Ezra's personal leadership, while Artaxerxes the king (אַרְתַּחְשַׁשְׂתָּא הַמֶּלֶךְ) specifies Artaxerxes I Longimanus (464-424 BC), whose seventh year (458 BC) frames this journey.

The careful genealogical record demonstrates covenant continuity—these returnees weren't random emigrants but legitimate heirs of Israel's tribes maintaining ancestral identity through exile. Like Matthew 1's genealogy establishing Jesus's royal-priestly lineage, Ezra 8 proves God preserves His people across generations. The yachas (יַחַשׂ, 'genealogy') links post-exilic community to patriarchal promises, fulfilling Jeremiah 29:10's 70-year restoration prophecy.

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Historical & Cultural Context

Ezra's return (458 BC) occurred between temple completion (516 BC) and Nehemiah's wall rebuilding (445 BC). Artaxerxes I granted extraordinary authority—treasures, safe passage, and legal power (Ezra 7:11-26). This second aliyah brought scholars and priests to strengthen Jerusalem's spiritual life, not just rebuild infrastructure.

Reflection Questions

  1. How does the meticulous recording of family heads demonstrate that God works through identifiable, accountable leaders rather than anonymous masses?
  2. What does Ezra's 80-year gap from the first return teach about God's patient, multi-generational restoration plans?

Original Language Analysis

Hebrew · 10 words
וְאֵ֛לֶּה1 of 10
H428

these or those

רָאשֵׁ֥י2 of 10

These are now the chief

H7218

the head (as most easily shaken), whether literal or figurative (in many applications, of place, time, rank, itc.)

אֲבֹֽתֵיהֶ֖ם3 of 10

of their fathers

H1

father, in a literal and immediate, or figurative and remote application

וְהִתְיַחְשָׂ֑ם4 of 10

and this is the genealogy

H3187

to enroll by pedigree

הָֽעֹלִ֣ים5 of 10

of them that went up

H5927

to ascend, intransitively (be high) or actively (mount); used in a great variety of senses, primary and secondary, literal and figurative

עִמִּ֗י6 of 10
H5973

adverb or preposition, with (i.e., in conjunction with), in varied applications; specifically, equally with; often with prepositional prefix (and then

בְּמַלְכ֛וּת7 of 10

in the reign

H4438

a rule; concretely, a dominion

אַרְתַּחְשַׁ֥סְתְּא8 of 10

of Artaxerxes

H783

artachshasta (or artaxerxes), a title (rather than name) of several persian kings

הַמֶּ֖לֶךְ9 of 10

the king

H4428

a king

מִבָּבֶֽל׃10 of 10

with me from Babylon

H894

babel (i.e., babylon), including babylonia and the babylonian empire


Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of Ezra. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

Ezra 8:1 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

Cross-References

Verses related to Ezra 8:1 from Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

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