King James Version

What Does Ezra 1:8 Mean?

Ezra 1:8 in the King James Version says “Even those did Cyrus king of Persia bring forth by the hand of Mithredath the treasurer, and numbered them unto Sheshbaz... — study this verse from Ezra chapter 1 with commentary, cross-references, and original Hebrew word analysis.

Even those did Cyrus king of Persia bring forth by the hand of Mithredath the treasurer, and numbered them unto Sheshbazzar, the prince of Judah.

Ezra 1:8 · KJV


Context

6

And all they that were about them strengthened their hands with vessels of silver, with gold, with goods, and with beasts, and with precious things, beside all that was willingly offered. strengthened: that is, helped them

7

Also Cyrus the king brought forth the vessels of the house of the LORD, which Nebuchadnezzar had brought forth out of Jerusalem, and had put them in the house of his gods;

8

Even those did Cyrus king of Persia bring forth by the hand of Mithredath the treasurer, and numbered them unto Sheshbazzar, the prince of Judah.

9

And this is the number of them: thirty chargers of gold, a thousand chargers of silver, nine and twenty knives,

10

Thirty basons of gold, silver basons of a second sort four hundred and ten, and other vessels a thousand.


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
Even those did Cyrus king of Persia bring forth by the hand of Mithredath the treasurer, and numbered them unto Sheshbazzar, the prince of Judah. This verse provides administrative details showing the official, orderly nature of the restoration. Mithredath, whose name means 'gift of Mithra' (Persian deity), served as royal treasurer, indicating high governmental involvement. His participation demonstrates that this wasn't informal permission but formal state action with full bureaucratic support.

The verb 'numbered' (sapar) indicates careful inventory, suggesting accountability and precision. The sacred vessels weren't casually handed over but formally counted and documented, protecting both parties from later dispute. This attention to detail reflects both Persian administrative efficiency and the vessels' importance to Jewish worship.

Sheshbazzar appears here as 'prince of Judah' (nasi liYhudah), a title indicating royal lineage. Most scholars identify him with Shenazzar, son of King Jehoiachin (1 Chronicles 3:18), making him of Davidic descent. His appointment as leader suggests Persian recognition of Davidic legitimacy even while maintaining imperial control. This preserved messianic hope while working within Persian political structures.

KJV Study — Public Domain

Historical & Cultural Context

Persian administrative practice valued detailed record-keeping, as evidenced by numerous clay tablets documenting official transactions. The involvement of the royal treasurer elevated this transaction to state-level importance, preventing local officials from hindering the return or confiscating the valuable vessels.

Sheshbazzar's identity and relationship to Zerubbabel (who later leads the community) remains debated. Some suggest they were the same person with different names (Sheshbazzar being his Babylonian name), while others see them as successive leaders. The mention of him as 'prince' would have resonated deeply with returned exiles, providing connection to pre-exilic monarchy and messianic expectations.

The title 'prince of Judah' carefully avoids claiming kingship (which would threaten Persia) while maintaining Davidic legitimacy. This political wisdom allowed preservation of messianic hope within imperial reality. Such navigation of competing loyalties characterized post-exilic Judaism.

Reflection Questions

  1. How does the involvement of Persian officials in returning sacred vessels demonstrate God's sovereignty over secular authorities?
  2. What does the careful inventory of vessels teach about the relationship between spiritual devotion and practical accountability?
  3. How can modern believers maintain ultimate allegiance to God's kingdom while engaging responsibly with earthly political structures?

Original Language Analysis

Hebrew · 12 words
וַיּֽוֹצִיאֵ֗ם1 of 12

bring forth

H3318

to go (causatively, bring) out, in a great variety of applications, literally and figuratively, direct and proxim

כּ֚וֹרֶשׁ2 of 12

Even those did Cyrus

H3566

koresh (or cyrus), the persian king

מֶ֣לֶךְ3 of 12

king

H4428

a king

פָּרַ֔ס4 of 12

of Persia

H6539

paras (i.e., persia), an eastern country, including its inhabitants

עַל5 of 12
H5921

above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applications

יַ֖ד6 of 12

by the hand

H3027

a hand (the open one [indicating power, means, direction, etc.], in distinction from h3709, the closed one); used (as noun, adverb, etc.) in a great v

מִתְרְדָ֣ת7 of 12

of Mithredath

H4990

mithredath, the name of two persians

הַגִּזְבָּ֑ר8 of 12

the treasurer

H1489

treasurer

וַֽיִּסְפְּרֵם֙9 of 12

and numbered

H5608

properly, to score with a mark as a tally or record, i.e., (by implication) to inscribe, and also to enumerate; intensively, to recount, i.e., celebra

לְשֵׁשְׁבַּצַּ֔ר10 of 12

them unto Sheshbazzar

H8339

sheshbatstsar, zerubbabel's persian name

הַנָּשִׂ֖יא11 of 12

the prince

H5387

properly, an exalted one, i.e., a king or sheik; also a rising mist

לִֽיהוּדָֽה׃12 of 12

of Judah

H3063

jehudah (or judah), the name of five israelites; also of the tribe descended from the first, and of its territory


Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of Ezra. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

Ezra 1:8 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

Cross-References

Verses related to Ezra 1:8 from Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

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