King James Version

What Does Ezekiel 31:13 Mean?

Ezekiel 31:13 in the King James Version says “Upon his ruin shall all the fowls of the heaven remain, and all the beasts of the field shall be upon his branches: — study this verse from Ezekiel chapter 31 with commentary, cross-references, and original Hebrew word analysis.

Upon his ruin shall all the fowls of the heaven remain, and all the beasts of the field shall be upon his branches:

Ezekiel 31:13 · KJV


Context

11

I have therefore delivered him into the hand of the mighty one of the heathen; he shall surely deal with him: I have driven him out for his wickedness. he: Heb. in doing he shall do unto him

12

And strangers, the terrible of the nations, have cut him off, and have left him: upon the mountains and in all the valleys his branches are fallen, and his boughs are broken by all the rivers of the land; and all the people of the earth are gone down from his shadow, and have left him.

13

Upon his ruin shall all the fowls of the heaven remain, and all the beasts of the field shall be upon his branches:

14

To the end that none of all the trees by the waters exalt themselves for their height, neither shoot up their top among the thick boughs, neither their trees stand up in their height, all that drink water: for they are all delivered unto death, to the nether parts of the earth, in the midst of the children of men, with them that go down to the pit. their trees: or, stand upon themselves for their height

15

Thus saith the Lord GOD; In the day when he went down to the grave I caused a mourning: I covered the deep for him, and I restrained the floods thereof, and the great waters were stayed: and I caused Lebanon to mourn for him, and all the trees of the field fainted for him. to mourn: Heb. to be black


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
Upon his ruin shall all the fowls of the heaven remain—The fallen cedar becomes a perch for עוֹף הַשָּׁמַיִם (ʿôph hasshāmayim, 'birds of heaven'). In the tree's glory, birds nested in its branches (v. 6); now, after ruin, they merely sit on the dead trunk—scavengers rather than residents.

And all the beasts of the field shall be upon his branches—חַיַּת הַשָּׂדֶה (ḥayyat haśśādeh, 'animals of the field') also frequented the living tree's shade (v. 6); now they trod upon fallen branches. The imagery is stark: what once provided life and shelter is now trampled and defiled. Assyria's (and by parallel, Egypt's) glory would become merely an object lesson, her ruins a dwelling for scavengers. Great empires reduced to historical curiosities—a fate worse than simple destruction, because it demonstrates irreversible insignificance.

KJV Study — Public Domain

Historical & Cultural Context

Ancient Nineveh's ruins became exactly this: scavenged for building materials, trampled by travelers, home to animals. By Greek and Roman times, Nineveh's location was uncertain—lost to memory. Xenophon's Greek army marched past the ruins (401 BC) without recognizing them. From world empire to forgotten rubble in 200 years—fulfilling the trampled cedar imagery exactly.

Reflection Questions

  1. What does the contrast (nesting in glory vs. trampling ruins) teach about worldly achievement?
  2. How is becoming an object lesson different from simple destruction?
  3. What 'ruins' of former powers serve as modern warnings about pride?

Original Language Analysis

Hebrew · 12 words
עַל1 of 12
H5921

above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applications

מַפַּלְתּ֥וֹ2 of 12

Upon his ruin

H4658

fall, i.e., decadence; concretely, a ruin; specifically a carcase

יִשְׁכְּנ֖וּ3 of 12

remain

H7931

to reside or permanently stay (literally or figuratively)

כָּל4 of 12
H3605

properly, the whole; hence, all, any or every (in the singular only, but often in a plural sense)

ע֣וֹף5 of 12

shall all the fowls

H5775

a bird (as covered with feathers, or rather as covering with wings), often collectively

הַשָּׁמָ֑יִם6 of 12

of the heaven

H8064

the sky (as aloft; the dual perhaps alluding to the visible arch in which the clouds move, as well as to the higher ether where the celestial bodies r

וְאֶל7 of 12
H413

near, with or among; often in general, to

פֹּֽרֹאתָ֣יו8 of 12

shall be upon his branches

H6288

properly, ornamentation, i.e., (plural) foliage (including the limbs) as bright green

הָי֔וּ9 of 12
H1961

to exist, i.e., be or become, come to pass (always emphatic, and not a mere copula or auxiliary)

כֹּ֖ל10 of 12
H3605

properly, the whole; hence, all, any or every (in the singular only, but often in a plural sense)

חַיַּ֥ת11 of 12

and all the beasts

H2416

alive; hence, raw (flesh); fresh (plant, water, year), strong; also (as noun, especially in the feminine singular and masculine plural) life (or livin

הַשָּׂדֶֽה׃12 of 12

of the field

H7704

a field (as flat)


Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of Ezekiel. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

Ezekiel 31:13 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

Cross-References

Verses related to Ezekiel 31:13 from Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

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