King James Version

What Does Exodus 39:9 Mean?

Exodus 39:9 in the King James Version says “It was foursquare; they made the breastplate double: a span was the length thereof, and a span the breadth thereof, bein... — study this verse from Exodus chapter 39 with commentary, cross-references, and original Hebrew word analysis.

It was foursquare; they made the breastplate double: a span was the length thereof, and a span the breadth thereof, being doubled.

Exodus 39:9 · KJV


Context

7

And he put them on the shoulders of the ephod, that they should be stones for a memorial to the children of Israel; as the LORD commanded Moses.

8

And he made the breastplate of cunning work, like the work of the ephod; of gold, blue, and purple, and scarlet , and fine twined linen.

9

It was foursquare; they made the breastplate double: a span was the length thereof, and a span the breadth thereof, being doubled.

10

And they set in it four rows of stones: the first row was a sardius, a topaz, and a carbuncle: this was the first row. sardius: or, ruby

11

And the second row, an emerald, a sapphire, and a diamond.


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
The breastplate's foursquare design (רָבוּעַ, ravua, square), doubled for strength, with a 'span' (זֶרֶת, zeret, about 9 inches) dimensions, creates space for twelve stones (v. 10-13). The perfect square symbolizes completeness and stability—God's covenant with the twelve tribes is balanced, secure, and comprehensive. The doubling provided a pocket for the Urim and Thummim (28:30), instruments of divine guidance. Geometric perfection in worship implements teaches that God orders His church with precision and purpose.

KJV Study — Public Domain

Historical & Cultural Context

A 'span' measured from thumb tip to little finger tip—approximately 9 inches—making this a substantial breastplate. The doubled design created a pouch for holding the Urim and Thummim. The square shape contrasted with irregular, asymmetric designs common in pagan religious objects.

Reflection Questions

  1. What does the breastplate's perfect square design reveal about God's ordered, purposeful covenant with His people?
  2. How does the Urim and Thummim pocket teach us about seeking divine guidance in church leadership?

Original Language Analysis

Hebrew · 11 words
רָב֧וּעַ1 of 11

It was foursquare

H7251

to be quadrate

הָיָ֛ה2 of 11
H1961

to exist, i.e., be or become, come to pass (always emphatic, and not a mere copula or auxiliary)

כָּפֽוּל׃3 of 11

double

H3717

to fold together; figuratively, to repeat

עָשׂ֣וּ4 of 11

they made

H6213

to do or make, in the broadest sense and widest application

אֶת5 of 11
H853

properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)

הַחֹ֑שֶׁן6 of 11

the breastplate

H2833

perhaps a pocket (as holding the urim and thummim), or rich (as containing gems), used only of the gorget of the highpriest

וְזֶ֥רֶת7 of 11

a span

H2239

the spread of the fingers, i.e., a span

אָרְכּ֛וֹ8 of 11

was the length

H753

length

וְזֶ֥רֶת9 of 11

a span

H2239

the spread of the fingers, i.e., a span

רָחְבּ֖וֹ10 of 11

the breadth

H7341

width (literally or figuratively)

כָּפֽוּל׃11 of 11

double

H3717

to fold together; figuratively, to repeat


Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of Exodus. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

Exodus 39:9 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

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