King James Version

What Does Exodus 34:6 Mean?

Exodus 34:6 in the King James Version says “And the LORD passed by before him, and proclaimed, The LORD, The LORD God, merciful and gracious, longsuffering , and ab... — study this verse from Exodus chapter 34 with commentary, cross-references, and original Hebrew word analysis.

And the LORD passed by before him, and proclaimed, The LORD, The LORD God, merciful and gracious, longsuffering , and abundant in goodness and truth,

Exodus 34:6 · KJV


Context

4

And he hewed two tables of stone like unto the first; and Moses rose up early in the morning, and went up unto mount Sinai, as the LORD had commanded him, and took in his hand the two tables of stone.

5

And the LORD descended in the cloud, and stood with him there, and proclaimed the name of the LORD.

6

And the LORD passed by before him, and proclaimed, The LORD, The LORD God, merciful and gracious, longsuffering , and abundant in goodness and truth,

7

Keeping mercy for thousands, forgiving iniquity and transgression and sin, and that will by no means clear the guilty; visiting the iniquity of the fathers upon the children, and upon the children's children, unto the third and to the fourth generation.

8

And Moses made haste, and bowed his head toward the earth, and worshipped.


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
God proclaims His name YHWH twice, then reveals His character in what becomes Israel's most-quoted liturgy. רַחוּם (rachum, compassionate) derives from רֶחֶם (rechem, womb), suggesting motherly compassion. חַנּוּן (chanun, gracious) means showing unmerited favor. אֶרֶךְ אַפַּיִם (erekh appayim, 'long of nostrils') literally means slow to anger—the opposite of 'flaring nostrils' in rage. רַב־חֶסֶד (rav chesed, abounding in steadfast covenant love) and אֱמֶת (emet, faithfulness/truth) form the foundation of God's covenant relationship.

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Historical & Cultural Context

This revelation comes immediately after Israel's golden calf apostasy, making God's gracious self-description all the more stunning. These attributes are echoed throughout Scripture (Num 14:18, Neh 9:17, Ps 86:15, Joel 2:13, Jonah 4:2).

Reflection Questions

  1. Why does God emphasize mercy and grace immediately after Israel's greatest sin?
  2. Which of these divine attributes do you most need to understand more deeply today?

Original Language Analysis

Hebrew · 15 words
וַיַּֽעֲבֹ֨ר1 of 15

passed by

H5674

to cross over; used very widely of any transition (literal or figurative; transitive, intransitive, intensive, causative); specifically, to cover (in

יְהוָ֔ה2 of 15

And the LORD

H3068

(the) self-existent or eternal; jeho-vah, jewish national name of god

עַל3 of 15
H5921

above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applications

פָּנָיו֮4 of 15

before him

H6440

the face (as the part that turns); used in a great variety of applications (literally and figuratively); also (with prepositional prefix) as a preposi

וַיִּקְרָא֒5 of 15

and proclaimed

H7121

to call out to (i.e., properly, address by name, but used in a wide variety of applications)

יְהוָ֔ה6 of 15

And the LORD

H3068

(the) self-existent or eternal; jeho-vah, jewish national name of god

יְהוָ֔ה7 of 15

And the LORD

H3068

(the) self-existent or eternal; jeho-vah, jewish national name of god

אֵ֥ל8 of 15

God

H410

strength; as adjective, mighty; especially the almighty (but used also of any deity)

רַח֖וּם9 of 15

merciful

H7349

compassionate

וְחַנּ֑וּן10 of 15

and gracious

H2587

gracious

אֶ֥רֶךְ11 of 15

longsuffering

H750

long

אַפַּ֖יִם12 of 15
H639

properly, the nose or nostril; hence, the face, and occasionally a person; also (from the rapid breathing in passion) ire

וְרַב13 of 15

and abundant

H7227

abundant (in quantity, size, age, number, rank, quality)

חֶ֥סֶד14 of 15

in goodness

H2617

kindness; by implication (towards god) piety; rarely (by opposition) reproof, or (subject.) beauty

וֶֽאֱמֶֽת׃15 of 15

and truth

H571

stability; (figuratively) certainty, truth, trustworthiness


Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of Exodus. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

Exodus 34:6 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

Cross-References

Verses related to Exodus 34:6 from Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

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