King James Version

What Does Exodus 12:18 Mean?

Exodus 12:18 in the King James Version says “In the first month, on the fourteenth day of the month at even, ye shall eat unleavened bread, until the one and twentie... — study this verse from Exodus chapter 12 with commentary, cross-references, and original Hebrew word analysis.

In the first month, on the fourteenth day of the month at even, ye shall eat unleavened bread, until the one and twentieth day of the month at even.

Exodus 12:18 · KJV


Context

16

And in the first day there shall be an holy convocation, and in the seventh day there shall be an holy convocation to you; no manner of work shall be done in them, save that which every man must eat, that only may be done of you. man: Heb. soul

17

And ye shall observe the feast of unleavened bread; for in this selfsame day have I brought your armies out of the land of Egypt: therefore shall ye observe this day in your generations by an ordinance for ever.

18

In the first month, on the fourteenth day of the month at even, ye shall eat unleavened bread, until the one and twentieth day of the month at even.

19

Seven days shall there be no leaven found in your houses: for whosoever eateth that which is leavened, even that soul shall be cut off from the congregation of Israel, whether he be a stranger, or born in the land.

20

Ye shall eat nothing leavened; in all your habitations shall ye eat unleavened bread.


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
The specification 'fourteenth day...at even' until 'one and twentieth day...at even' defines precisely seven complete days. The phrase 'in the first month' (Abib/Nisan) permanently anchors this observance to the redemption anniversary. The meticulous timing reveals God's concern for exact obedience in worship, not casual approximation.

KJV Study — Public Domain

Historical & Cultural Context

Reckoning days from evening to evening follows Hebrew timekeeping where days begin at sunset. This specific dating prevented confusion and ensured uniform observance throughout Israel.

Reflection Questions

  1. How does God's concern for precise timing in worship challenge casualness in your own spiritual disciplines?
  2. What does the fixed calendar date teach about grounding faith in historical events rather than subjective feelings?

Original Language Analysis

Hebrew · 14 words
בָּֽרִאשֹׁ֡ן1 of 14

In the first

H7223

first, in place, time or rank (as adjective or noun)

בְּאַרְבָּעָה֩2 of 14
H702

four

עָשָׂ֨ר3 of 14

month on the fourteenth

H6240

ten (only in combination), i.e., -teen; also (ordinal) -teenth

י֣וֹם4 of 14

day

H3117

a day (as the warm hours), whether literal (from sunrise to sunset, or from one sunset to the next), or figurative (a space of time defined by an asso

לַחֹ֖דֶשׁ5 of 14

of the month

H2320

the new moon; by implication, a month

בָּעָֽרֶב׃6 of 14

at even

H6153

dusk

תֹּֽאכְל֖וּ7 of 14

ye shall eat

H398

to eat (literally or figuratively)

מַצֹּ֑ת8 of 14

unleavened bread

H4682

properly, sweetness; concretely, sweet (i.e., not soured or bittered with yeast); specifically, an unfermented cake or loaf, or (elliptically) the fes

עַ֠ד9 of 14
H5704

as far (or long, or much) as, whether of space (even unto) or time (during, while, until) or degree (equally with)

י֣וֹם10 of 14

day

H3117

a day (as the warm hours), whether literal (from sunrise to sunset, or from one sunset to the next), or figurative (a space of time defined by an asso

הָֽאֶחָ֧ד11 of 14

until the one

H259

properly, united, i.e., one; or (as an ordinal) first

וְעֶשְׂרִ֛ים12 of 14

and twentieth

H6242

twenty; also (ordinal) twentieth

לַחֹ֖דֶשׁ13 of 14

of the month

H2320

the new moon; by implication, a month

בָּעָֽרֶב׃14 of 14

at even

H6153

dusk


Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of Exodus. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

Exodus 12:18 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

Cross-References

Verses related to Exodus 12:18 from Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

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