King James Version

What Does Esther 1:13 Mean?

Esther 1:13 in the King James Version says “Then the king said to the wise men, which knew the times, (for so was the king's manner toward all that knew law and jud... — study this verse from Esther chapter 1 with commentary, cross-references, and original Hebrew word analysis.

Then the king said to the wise men, which knew the times, (for so was the king's manner toward all that knew law and judgment:

Esther 1:13 · KJV


Context

11

To bring Vashti the queen before the king with the crown royal, to shew the people and the princes her beauty: for she was fair to look on. fair: Heb. good of countenance

12

But the queen Vashti refused to come at the king's commandment by his chamberlains: therefore was the king very wroth, and his anger burned in him. by his: Heb. which was by the hand of his eunuchs

13

Then the king said to the wise men, which knew the times, (for so was the king's manner toward all that knew law and judgment:

14

And the next unto him was Carshena, Shethar, Admatha, Tarshish, Meres, Marsena, and Memucan, the seven princes of Persia and Media, which saw the king's face, and which sat the first in the kingdom;)

15

What shall we do unto the queen Vashti according to law, because she hath not performed the commandment of the king Ahasuerus by the chamberlains? What: Heb. What to do


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
Counsel sought: 'Then the king said to the wise men, which knew the times'. Ahasuerus consulted advisors who 'knew the times' (yod'ei ha'ittim)—possibly astrologers, legal experts, or counselors skilled in precedent and custom. 'For so was the king's manner toward all that knew law and judgment'. The king relied on advisors for legal decisions, showing Persian administrative structure. This consultation about Vashti's punishment would have far-reaching consequences, creating vacancy that Esther would fill. God's providence works through bureaucratic procedures and human counsel to orchestrate His redemptive plan.

KJV Study — Public Domain

Historical & Cultural Context

Persian administrative system included councils of advisors specializing in different areas. The phrase 'knew the times' might indicate astrologers (timing decisions by stars) or legal experts (knowing historical precedents). Ancient Near Eastern kings typically consulted councils before major decisions, combining autocratic power with advisory wisdom. This consultation about appropriate punishment for Vashti's disobedience created the legal precedent and circumstances leading to her permanent removal, though initially the king might have merely wanted validation of his anger rather than permanent divorce.

Reflection Questions

  1. How does God's use of pagan advisors and astrological counsel demonstrate His sovereignty over all human systems?
  2. What does this teach about God accomplishing His purposes even through worldly wisdom and secular counsel?

Original Language Analysis

Hebrew · 14 words
וַיֹּ֣אמֶר1 of 14

said

H559

to say (used with great latitude)

הַמֶּ֔לֶךְ2 of 14

for so was the king's

H4428

a king

לַֽחֲכָמִ֖ים3 of 14

to the wise men

H2450

wise, (i.e., intelligent, skilful or artful)

יֹֽדְעֵ֖י4 of 14

all that knew

H3045

to know (properly, to ascertain by seeing); used in a great variety of senses, figuratively, literally, euphemistically and inferentially (including o

הָֽעִתִּ֑ים5 of 14

the times

H6256

time, especially (adverb with preposition) now, when, etc

כִּי6 of 14
H3588

(by implication) very widely used as a relative conjunction or adverb (as below); often largely modified by other particles annexed

כֵן֙7 of 14
H3651

properly, set upright; hence (figuratively as adjective) just; but usually (as adverb or conjunction) rightly or so (in various applications to manner

דְּבַ֣ר8 of 14

manner

H1697

a word; by implication, a matter (as spoken of) or thing; adverbially, a cause

הַמֶּ֔לֶךְ9 of 14

for so was the king's

H4428

a king

לִפְנֵ֕י10 of 14

toward

H6440

the face (as the part that turns); used in a great variety of applications (literally and figuratively); also (with prepositional prefix) as a preposi

כָּל11 of 14
H3605

properly, the whole; hence, all, any or every (in the singular only, but often in a plural sense)

יֹֽדְעֵ֖י12 of 14

all that knew

H3045

to know (properly, to ascertain by seeing); used in a great variety of senses, figuratively, literally, euphemistically and inferentially (including o

דָּ֥ת13 of 14

law

H1881

a royal edict or statute

וָדִֽין׃14 of 14

and judgment

H1779

judgement (the suit, justice, sentence or tribunal); by implication also strife


Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of Esther. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

Esther 1:13 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

Cross-References

Verses related to Esther 1:13 from Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

Test Your Knowledge

Continue Your Study