King James Version

What Does Deuteronomy 5:3 Mean?

Deuteronomy 5:3 in the King James Version says “The LORD made not this covenant with our fathers, but with us, even us, who are all of us here alive this day. — study this verse from Deuteronomy chapter 5 with commentary, cross-references, and original Hebrew word analysis.

The LORD made not this covenant with our fathers, but with us, even us, who are all of us here alive this day.

Deuteronomy 5:3 · KJV


Context

1

And Moses called all Israel, and said unto them, Hear, O Israel, the statutes and judgments which I speak in your ears this day, that ye may learn them, and keep, and do them. keep: Heb. keep to do them

2

The LORD our God made a covenant with us in Horeb.

3

The LORD made not this covenant with our fathers, but with us, even us, who are all of us here alive this day.

4

The LORD talked with you face to face in the mount out of the midst of the fire,

5

(I stood between the LORD and you at that time, to shew you the word of the LORD: for ye were afraid by reason of the fire, and went not up into the mount;) saying,


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
Moses declares that the Horeb covenant was made 'not with our fathers, but with us, even us, who are all of us here alive this day.' This seems paradoxical since most of the Horeb generation had died in the wilderness. The meaning is that covenant obligations transcend individual generations—each generation stands in covenant relationship with God, responsible for the commitments made by their forebears. The covenant is both historical (made at Sinai) and present (binding on current hearers). This establishes the principle that God's covenant is perpetual, not limited to those physically present at its inauguration.

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Historical & Cultural Context

At Horeb/Sinai, the exodus generation (except Caleb and Joshua) received the law but later died in the wilderness due to unbelief (Numbers 14). Moses now addresses their children and grandchildren, emphasizing that covenant responsibility passes to each generation. This pattern continues in Scripture—Josiah's reformation (2 Kings 23), Ezra's renewal (Nehemiah 8-10), and the New Covenant in Christ (Hebrews 8:6-13) all involve present generations embracing historical covenants.

Reflection Questions

  1. How does your relationship with God connect to the covenant faithfulness (or unfaithfulness) of previous generations?
  2. What responsibilities do you bear for maintaining covenant commitments in your generation?

Original Language Analysis

Hebrew · 16 words
לֹ֣א1 of 16
H3808

not (the simple or abs. negation); by implication, no; often used with other particles

אֶת2 of 16
H854

properly, nearness (used only as a preposition or an adverb), near; hence, generally, with, by, at, among, etc

אֲבֹתֵ֔ינוּ3 of 16

with our fathers

H1

father, in a literal and immediate, or figurative and remote application

כָּרַ֥ת4 of 16

made

H3772

to cut (off, down or asunder); by implication, to destroy or consume; specifically, to covenant (i.e., make an alliance or bargain, originally by cutt

יְהוָ֖ה5 of 16

The LORD

H3068

(the) self-existent or eternal; jeho-vah, jewish national name of god

אֶת6 of 16
H853

properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)

הַבְּרִ֣ית7 of 16

not this covenant

H1285

a compact (because made by passing between pieces of flesh)

הַזֹּ֑את8 of 16
H2063

this (often used adverb)

כִּ֣י9 of 16
H3588

(by implication) very widely used as a relative conjunction or adverb (as below); often largely modified by other particles annexed

אִתָּ֔נוּ10 of 16
H854

properly, nearness (used only as a preposition or an adverb), near; hence, generally, with, by, at, among, etc

אֲנַ֨חְנוּ11 of 16

but with us

H587

we

אֵ֥לֶּה12 of 16

even us who are all of us

H428

these or those

פֹ֛ה13 of 16
H6311

this place (french ici), i.e., here or hence

הַיּ֖וֹם14 of 16

this day

H3117

a day (as the warm hours), whether literal (from sunrise to sunset, or from one sunset to the next), or figurative (a space of time defined by an asso

כֻּלָּ֥נוּ15 of 16
H3605

properly, the whole; hence, all, any or every (in the singular only, but often in a plural sense)

חַיִּֽים׃16 of 16

here alive

H2416

alive; hence, raw (flesh); fresh (plant, water, year), strong; also (as noun, especially in the feminine singular and masculine plural) life (or livin


Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of Deuteronomy. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

Deuteronomy 5:3 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

Cross-References

Verses related to Deuteronomy 5:3 from Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

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