King James Version

What Does Deuteronomy 26:5 Mean?

Deuteronomy 26:5 in the King James Version says “And thou shalt speak and say before the LORD thy God, A Syrian ready to perish was my father, and he went down into Egyp... — study this verse from Deuteronomy chapter 26 with commentary, cross-references, and original Hebrew word analysis.

And thou shalt speak and say before the LORD thy God, A Syrian ready to perish was my father, and he went down into Egypt, and sojourned there with a few, and became there a nation, great, mighty, and populous:

Deuteronomy 26:5 · KJV


Context

3

And thou shalt go unto the priest that shall be in those days, and say unto him, I profess this day unto the LORD thy God, that I am come unto the country which the LORD sware unto our fathers for to give us.

4

And the priest shall take the basket out of thine hand, and set it down before the altar of the LORD thy God.

5

And thou shalt speak and say before the LORD thy God, A Syrian ready to perish was my father, and he went down into Egypt, and sojourned there with a few, and became there a nation, great, mighty, and populous:

6

And the Egyptians evil entreated us, and afflicted us, and laid upon us hard bondage:

7

And when we cried unto the LORD God of our fathers, the LORD heard our voice, and looked on our affliction, and our labour, and our oppression:


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
The firstfruits confession begins: 'And thou shalt speak and say before the LORD thy God, A Syrian ready to perish was my father, and he went down into Egypt, and sojourned there with a few, and became there a nation, great, mighty, and populous.' This credal statement rehearses Israel's history from Abraham/Jacob ('Syrian'—referring to Paddan Aram origin) through Egyptian sojourn to nationhood. The phrase 'ready to perish' emphasizes vulnerability and God's gracious preservation. This confession, recited at firstfruits offering, grounds gratitude in historical memory—Israel's existence is miraculous, depending entirely on divine intervention.

KJV Study — Public Domain

Historical & Cultural Context

The 'Syrian ready to perish' likely refers to Jacob, who fled to Paddan Aram (Syria/Aram) to escape Esau and later fled famine by going to Egypt. The 'few' (70 persons, Exodus 1:5) becoming 'great, mighty, and populous' (perhaps 2 million at the Exodus) demonstrates God's fulfillment of Abrahamic promises. This confession functioned as catechism, teaching covenant history to each generation. The liturgical context (firstfruits offering) connected present blessing to past deliverance, fostering gratitude.

Reflection Questions

  1. How does rehearsing God's past faithfulness in your history strengthen present faith and gratitude?
  2. What role should corporate memory of God's acts play in worship and discipleship?

Original Language Analysis

Hebrew · 20 words
וְעָנִ֨יתָ1 of 20

And thou shalt speak

H6030

properly, to eye or (generally) to heed, i.e., pay attention; by implication, to respond; by extension to begin to speak; specifically to sing, shout,

וְאָֽמַרְתָּ֜2 of 20

and say

H559

to say (used with great latitude)

לִפְנֵ֣י׀3 of 20

before

H6440

the face (as the part that turns); used in a great variety of applications (literally and figuratively); also (with prepositional prefix) as a preposi

יְהוָ֣ה4 of 20

the LORD

H3068

(the) self-existent or eternal; jeho-vah, jewish national name of god

אֱלֹהֶ֗יךָ5 of 20

thy God

H430

gods in the ordinary sense; but specifically used (in the plural thus, especially with the article) of the supreme god; occasionally applied by way of

אֲרַמִּי֙6 of 20

A Syrian

H761

an aramite or aramaean

אֹבֵ֣ד7 of 20

ready to perish

H6

properly, to wander away, i.e., lose oneself; by implication to perish (causative, destroy)

אָבִ֔י8 of 20

was my father

H1

father, in a literal and immediate, or figurative and remote application

וַיֵּ֣רֶד9 of 20

and he went down

H3381

to descend (literally, to go downwards; or conventionally to a lower region, as the shore, a boundary, the enemy, etc.; or figuratively, to fall); cau

מִצְרַ֔יְמָה10 of 20

into Egypt

H4714

mitsrajim, i.e., upper and lower egypt

וַיָּ֥גָר11 of 20

and sojourned

H1481

properly, to turn aside from the road (for a lodging or any other purpose), i.e., sojourn (as a guest); also to shrink, fear (as in a strange place);

שָׁ֖ם12 of 20
H8033

there (transferring to time) then; often thither, or thence

בִּמְתֵ֣י13 of 20

there with

H4962

properly, an adult (as of full length); by implication, a man (only in the plural)

מְעָ֑ט14 of 20

a few

H4592

a little or few (often adverbial or comparative)

וַֽיְהִי15 of 20
H1961

to exist, i.e., be or become, come to pass (always emphatic, and not a mere copula or auxiliary)

שָׁ֕ם16 of 20
H8033

there (transferring to time) then; often thither, or thence

לְג֥וֹי17 of 20

and became there a nation

H1471

a foreign nation; hence, a gentile; also (figuratively) a troop of animals, or a flight of locusts

גָּד֖וֹל18 of 20

great

H1419

great (in any sense); hence, older; also insolent

עָצ֥וּם19 of 20

mighty

H6099

powerful (specifically, a paw); by implication, numerous

וָרָֽב׃20 of 20

and populous

H7227

abundant (in quantity, size, age, number, rank, quality)


Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of Deuteronomy. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

Deuteronomy 26:5 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

Cross-References

Verses related to Deuteronomy 26:5 from Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

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