King James Version

What Does Deuteronomy 22:16 Mean?

Deuteronomy 22:16 in the King James Version says “And the damsel's father shall say unto the elders, I gave my daughter unto this man to wife, and he hateth her; — study this verse from Deuteronomy chapter 22 with commentary, cross-references, and original Hebrew word analysis.

And the damsel's father shall say unto the elders, I gave my daughter unto this man to wife, and he hateth her;

Deuteronomy 22:16 · KJV


Context

14

And give occasions of speech against her, and bring up an evil name upon her, and say, I took this woman, and when I came to her, I found her not a maid:

15

Then shall the father of the damsel, and her mother, take and bring forth the tokens of the damsel's virginity unto the elders of the city in the gate:

16

And the damsel's father shall say unto the elders, I gave my daughter unto this man to wife, and he hateth her;

17

And, lo, he hath given occasions of speech against her, saying, I found not thy daughter a maid; and yet these are the tokens of my daughter's virginity. And they shall spread the cloth before the elders of the city.

18

And the elders of that city shall take that man and chastise him;


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
The damsel's father shall say unto the elders, I gave my daughter unto this man to wife, and he hateth her—the father functions as legal advocate for his daughter, presenting the case. The phrase I gave my daughter (natati 'et-bitti, נָתַתִּי אֶת־בִּתִּי) emphasizes the father's authority in arranging marriage and his responsibility to ensure his daughter's well-being.

The accusation that he hateth her (yisna'eha, יִשְׂנָאֶהָ) goes beyond emotional dislike to covenantal betrayal—the husband breached his marriage commitment through malicious slander. This statement establishes motive: the false accusation stems from hatred, proving the charges are pretextual rather than sincere concern for truth. The legal proceeding thus addresses both the factual question (was she a virgin?) and the moral question (why is the husband making this accusation?). Truth and motive both matter in biblical justice.

KJV Study — Public Domain

Historical & Cultural Context

In patriarchal ancient Israel, fathers arranged marriages, negotiated bride-prices, and transferred daughters to husbands' households. This wasn't female subjugation but structured family responsibility within that culture. The father's legal standing to advocate for his daughter provided crucial protection against male exploitation. This law assumes fathers would vigorously defend daughters against false accusations, leveraging their social authority for justice. The Mosaic code repeatedly protects vulnerable parties—women, foreigners, orphans, widows—showing God's concern that law serve justice, not merely preserve power structures.

Reflection Questions

  1. How does this passage challenge modern misconceptions about biblical patriarchy by showing the father's responsibility to protect and advocate for his daughter?
  2. What does the legal system's attention to motive (hatred) alongside facts teach about comprehensive justice?

Original Language Analysis

Hebrew · 12 words
וְאָמַ֛ר1 of 12

shall say

H559

to say (used with great latitude)

אֲבִ֥י2 of 12

father

H1

father, in a literal and immediate, or figurative and remote application

הַֽנַּעֲרָ֖3 of 12

And the damsel's

H5291

a girl (from infancy to adolescence)

אֶל4 of 12
H413

near, with or among; often in general, to

הַזְּקֵנִ֑ים5 of 12

unto the elders

H2205

old

אֶת6 of 12
H853

properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)

בִּתִּ֗י7 of 12

my daughter

H1323

a daughter (used in the same wide sense as other terms of relationship, literally and figuratively)

נָתַ֜תִּי8 of 12

I gave

H5414

to give, used with greatest latitude of application (put, make, etc.)

לָאִ֥ישׁ9 of 12

unto this man

H376

a man as an individual or a male person; often used as an adjunct to a more definite term (and in such cases frequently not expressed in translation)

הַזֶּ֛ה10 of 12
H2088

the masculine demonstrative pronoun, this or that

לְאִשָּׁ֖ה11 of 12

to wife

H802

a woman

וַיִּשְׂנָאֶֽהָ׃12 of 12

and he hateth

H8130

to hate (personally)


Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of Deuteronomy. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

Deuteronomy 22:16 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

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