King James Version

What Does Deuteronomy 20:2 Mean?

Deuteronomy 20:2 in the King James Version says “And it shall be, when ye are come nigh unto the battle, that the priest shall approach and speak unto the people, — study this verse from Deuteronomy chapter 20 with commentary, cross-references, and original Hebrew word analysis.

And it shall be, when ye are come nigh unto the battle, that the priest shall approach and speak unto the people,

Deuteronomy 20:2 · KJV


Context

1

When thou goest out to battle against thine enemies, and seest horses, and chariots, and a people more than thou, be not afraid of them: for the LORD thy God is with thee, which brought thee up out of the land of Egypt.

2

And it shall be, when ye are come nigh unto the battle, that the priest shall approach and speak unto the people,

3

And shall say unto them, Hear, O Israel, ye approach this day unto battle against your enemies: let not your hearts faint, fear not, and do not tremble, neither be ye terrified because of them; faint: Heb. be tender tremble: Heb. make haste

4

For the LORD your God is he that goeth with you, to fight for you against your enemies, to save you.


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
And it shall be, when ye are come nigh unto the battle, that the priest shall approach and speak unto the people (וְהָיָה כְּקָרׇבְכֶם אֶל־הַמִּלְחָמָה וְנִגַּשׁ הַכֹּהֵן וְדִבֶּר אֶל־הָעָם, ve-hayah ke-qorvekhem el-ha-milchamah ve-nigash ha-kohen ve-dibber el-ha'am)—the kohen (כֹּהֵן, priest) had both religious and military functions in holy war. Unlike surrounding nations where military chaplains offered sacrifices to appease war gods, Israel's priest proclaimed theological truth: Yahweh fights for Israel (v. 4).

The timing is significant: when ye are come nigh unto the battle suggests the priest spoke just before engagement, when fear would be strongest. This wasn't generic religious ceremony but specific pastoral care for soldiers facing death. The priest's role distinguished Israelite warfare as covenant conflict—not merely political expansion but executing divine judgment on Canaanite wickedness (Deuteronomy 9:4-5) and defending the holy nation.

KJV Study — Public Domain

Historical & Cultural Context

Deuteronomy 20 regulates Israelite warfare during the conquest period (c. 1406-1390 BC) and beyond. The priest mentioned here was likely the high priest or a designated priestly representative, not local priests. Israel's military theology was unique: Yahweh was the Divine Warrior who fought for His people (Exodus 15:3), making military success dependent on covenant faithfulness rather than mere tactical superiority. The priest's pre-battle address provided theological reassurance rooted in covenant promises. Later, during the divided monarchy, priests sometimes accompanied armies (2 Chronicles 13:12, 20:21-22), continuing this tradition of spiritual leadership in warfare.

Reflection Questions

  1. How does the priest's role in warfare demonstrate that Israel's battles were fundamentally theological, not merely political?
  2. What parallels exist between the priest's encouragement before battle and pastoral preparation of believers for spiritual warfare (Ephesians 6:10-20)?

Original Language Analysis

Hebrew · 9 words
וְהָיָ֕ה1 of 9
H1961

to exist, i.e., be or become, come to pass (always emphatic, and not a mere copula or auxiliary)

כְּקָֽרָבְכֶ֖ם2 of 9

And it shall be when ye are come nigh

H7126

to approach (causatively, bring near) for whatever purpose

אֶל3 of 9
H413

near, with or among; often in general, to

הַמִּלְחָמָ֑ה4 of 9

unto the battle

H4421

a battle (i.e., the engagement); generally, war (i.e., war-fare)

וְנִגַּ֥שׁ5 of 9

shall approach

H5066

to be or come (causatively, bring) near (for any purpose); euphemistically, to lie with a woman; as an enemy, to attack; religious to worship; causati

הַכֹּהֵ֖ן6 of 9

that the priest

H3548

literally one officiating, a priest; also (by courtesy) an acting priest (although a layman)

וְדִבֶּ֥ר7 of 9

and speak

H1696

perhaps properly, to arrange; but used figuratively (of words), to speak; rarely (in a destructive sense) to subdue

אֶל8 of 9
H413

near, with or among; often in general, to

הָעָֽם׃9 of 9

unto the people

H5971

a people (as a congregated unit); specifically, a tribe (as those of israel); hence (collectively) troops or attendants; figuratively, a flock


Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of Deuteronomy. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

Deuteronomy 20:2 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

Cross-References

Verses related to Deuteronomy 20:2 from Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

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