King James Version

What Does Daniel 9:3 Mean?

Daniel 9:3 in the King James Version says “And I set my face unto the Lord God, to seek by prayer and supplications, with fasting, and sackcloth, and ashes: — study this verse from Daniel chapter 9 with commentary, cross-references, and original Hebrew word analysis.

And I set my face unto the Lord God, to seek by prayer and supplications, with fasting, and sackcloth, and ashes:

Daniel 9:3 · KJV


Context

1

In the first year of Darius the son of Ahasuerus, of the seed of the Medes, which was made king over the realm of the Chaldeans; which: or, in which he

2

In the first year of his reign I Daniel understood by books the number of the years, whereof the word of the LORD came to Jeremiah the prophet, that he would accomplish seventy years in the desolations of Jerusalem.

3

And I set my face unto the Lord God, to seek by prayer and supplications, with fasting, and sackcloth, and ashes:

4

And I prayed unto the LORD my God, and made my confession, and said, O Lord, the great and dreadful God, keeping the covenant and mercy to them that love him, and to them that keep his commandments;

5

We have sinned, and have committed iniquity, and have done wickedly, and have rebelled, even by departing from thy precepts and from thy judgments:


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
The phrase "I set my face unto the Lord God" uses Hebrew idiom for determined, focused seeking. The word sim panim (שִׂים פָּנִים, "set face") indicates resolute intention and persistent pursuit. Daniel's comprehensive approach to seeking God—"by prayer and supplications, with fasting, and sackcloth, and ashes"—demonstrates earnest spiritual intensity. "Prayer" (tefillah, תְּפִלָּה) represents general communion with God, while "supplications" (tachanunim, תַּחֲנוּנִים) emphasizes specific petitions and humble requests.

The accompanying disciplines—"fasting, and sackcloth, and ashes"—express mourning, repentance, and humiliation before God. Fasting demonstrates dependence on God above physical needs; sackcloth (coarse goat hair worn next to skin) and ashes symbolize grief and repentance. Together these practices indicate Daniel's spiritual urgency and brokenness over Israel's sin and exile. This wasn't mechanical ritual but heartfelt expression of dependence and contrition.

Daniel's intercession was prompted by studying Jeremiah's prophecy of 70 years' exile (v. 2). Rather than passively waiting for prophecy's fulfillment, Daniel actively sought God through prayer, demonstrating that divine sovereignty and human responsibility complement rather than contradict. Prophetic promises require prayerful appropriation. This models intercessory prayer that aligns with God's revealed purposes, asking Him to accomplish what He has promised. Daniel's posture anticipates Christ's high priestly intercession (Hebrews 7:25) and calls believers to persistent, earnest prayer for God's kingdom purposes.

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Historical & Cultural Context

This intercession occurred "in the first year of Darius son of Xerxes" (v. 1), approximately 538 BC, shortly after Babylon's fall to Medo-Persia. Daniel was studying Jeremiah's prophecy (Jeremiah 25:11-12, 29:10) indicating 70 years of exile, which were nearing completion. Rather than assuming automatic fulfillment, Daniel engaged in intense intercession for Israel's restoration. His prayer (vv. 4-19) confesses national sin, acknowledges God's righteousness in judgment, and pleads for mercy based on God's character and covenant promises.

Historical context reveals why Daniel mourned: though Cyrus would soon decree Jewish return to Jerusalem (Ezra 1:1-4), the reality proved disappointing. Few exiles returned initially, opposition was fierce, and restoration proceeded slowly. Daniel's prayer anticipated these challenges, seeking not merely physical return but spiritual renewal. His intercession demonstrates that prophetic fulfillment often involves human participation through prayer, repentance, and obedience rather than passive expectation.

Reflection Questions

  1. How does Daniel's model of earnest, multifaceted seeking of God (prayer, fasting, repentance) challenge superficial approaches to spiritual disciplines?
  2. In what ways does understanding that prophetic promises require prayerful appropriation affect your approach to God's revealed purposes?

Original Language Analysis

Hebrew · 12 words
וָאֶתְּנָ֣ה1 of 12

And I set

H5414

to give, used with greatest latitude of application (put, make, etc.)

אֶת2 of 12
H853

properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)

פָּנַ֗י3 of 12

my face

H6440

the face (as the part that turns); used in a great variety of applications (literally and figuratively); also (with prepositional prefix) as a preposi

אֶל4 of 12
H413

near, with or among; often in general, to

אֲדֹנָי֙5 of 12

unto the Lord

H136

the lord (used as a proper name of god only)

הָֽאֱלֹהִ֔ים6 of 12

God

H430

gods in the ordinary sense; but specifically used (in the plural thus, especially with the article) of the supreme god; occasionally applied by way of

לְבַקֵּ֥שׁ7 of 12

to seek

H1245

to search out (by any method, specifically in worship or prayer); by implication, to strive after

תְּפִלָּ֖ה8 of 12

by prayer

H8605

intercession, supplication; by implication, a hymn

וְתַחֲנוּנִ֑ים9 of 12

and supplications

H8469

earnest prayer

בְּצ֖וֹם10 of 12

with fasting

H6685

a fast

וְשַׂ֥ק11 of 12

and sackcloth

H8242

properly, a mesh (as allowing a liquid to run through), i.e., coarse loose cloth or sacking (used in mourning and for bagging); hence, a bag (for grai

וָאֵֽפֶר׃12 of 12

and ashes

H665

ashes


Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of Daniel. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

Daniel 9:3 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

Cross-References

Verses related to Daniel 9:3 from Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

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