King James Version

What Does 2 Samuel 5:4 Mean?

2 Samuel 5:4 in the King James Version says “David was thirty years old when he began to reign, and he reigned forty years. — study this verse from 2 Samuel chapter 5 with commentary, cross-references, and original Hebrew word analysis.

David was thirty years old when he began to reign, and he reigned forty years.

2 Samuel 5:4 · KJV


Context

2

Also in time past , when Saul was king over us, thou wast he that leddest out and broughtest in Israel: and the LORD said to thee, Thou shalt feed my people Israel, and thou shalt be a captain over Israel.

3

So all the elders of Israel came to the king to Hebron; and king David made a league with them in Hebron before the LORD: and they anointed David king over Israel.

4

David was thirty years old when he began to reign, and he reigned forty years.

5

In Hebron he reigned over Judah seven years and six months: and in Jerusalem he reigned thirty and three years over all Israel and Judah.

6

And the king and his men went to Jerusalem unto the Jebusites, the inhabitants of the land: which spake unto David, saying, Except thou take away the blind and the lame, thou shalt not come in hither: thinking, David cannot come in hither. thinking: or, saying David shall not, etc


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
David was thirty years old when he began to reign, and he reigned forty years.

This verse contributes to the narrative of David Becomes King of Israel, emphasizing God establishing His chosen king. David's anointing as king over all Israel fulfills promises made years earlier (1 Samuel 16:13). The conquest of Jerusalem and establishment of it as capital demonstrates God's blessing. Military victories over Philistines show divine enablement. Theological themes include God's faithfulness to promises, the importance of proper locations for worship, and divine empowerment for tasks God assigns.

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Historical & Cultural Context

The historical setting of 2 Samuel 5 occurs during David's reign (circa 1010-970 BCE) over Israel's united monarchy. Archaeological discoveries, including the Tel Dan inscription mentioning the 'House of David,' corroborate biblical historicity. Ancient Near Eastern customs regarding God establishing His chosen king provide crucial background. The geopolitical situation involved regional powers—Philistines, Ammonites, Arameans, Moabites, Edomites—as David consolidated and expanded Israel's territory. Cultural practices concerning kingship, warfare, covenant relationships, family dynamics, and religious observance differed significantly from modern Western contexts, requiring careful attention to avoid anachronistic interpretation while extracting timeless theological principles applicable across cultures and eras.

Reflection Questions

  1. How does this passage deepen your understanding of God establishing His chosen king?
  2. What does this verse reveal about God's character, and how should that shape your worship and obedience?
  3. In what specific ways can you apply this truth to your current circumstances and relationships this week?

Original Language Analysis

Hebrew · 8 words
בֶּן1 of 8

old

H1121

a son (as a builder of the family name), in the widest sense (of literal and figurative relationship, including grandson, subject, nation, quality or

שְׁלֹשִׁ֥ים2 of 8

was thirty

H7970

thirty; or (ordinal) thirtieth

שָׁנָ֖ה3 of 8

years

H8141

a year (as a revolution of time)

דָּוִ֖ד4 of 8

David

H1732

david, the youngest son of jesse

מָלָֽךְ׃5 of 8

and he reigned

H4427

to reign; hence (by implication) to take counsel

אַרְבָּעִ֥ים6 of 8

forty

H705

forty

שָׁנָ֖ה7 of 8

years

H8141

a year (as a revolution of time)

מָלָֽךְ׃8 of 8

and he reigned

H4427

to reign; hence (by implication) to take counsel


Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of 2 Samuel. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

2 Samuel 5:4 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

Cross-References

Verses related to 2 Samuel 5:4 from Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

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