King James Version

What Does 2 Samuel 4:1 Mean?

2 Samuel 4:1 in the King James Version says “And when Saul's son heard that Abner was dead in Hebron, his hands were feeble, and all the Israelites were troubled. — study this verse from 2 Samuel chapter 4 with commentary, cross-references, and original Hebrew word analysis.

And when Saul's son heard that Abner was dead in Hebron, his hands were feeble, and all the Israelites were troubled.

2 Samuel 4:1 · KJV


Context

1

And when Saul's son heard that Abner was dead in Hebron, his hands were feeble, and all the Israelites were troubled.

2

And Saul's son had two men that were captains of bands: the name of the one was Baanah, and the name of the other Rechab, the sons of Rimmon a Beerothite, of the children of Benjamin: (for Beeroth also was reckoned to Benjamin: other: Heb. second

3

And the Beerothites fled to Gittaim, and were sojourners there until this day.)


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
And when Saul's son heard that Abner was dead in Hebron, his hands were feeble, and all the Israelites were troubled.

This verse contributes to the narrative of Ish-bosheth Murdered, emphasizing righteous vs unrighteous means. The assassination of Ish-bosheth and David's execution of the murderers demonstrates crucial distinctions between godly and ungodly means. While the result (removing Saul's dynasty) aligned with God's purposes, the method (treacherous murder) violated divine standards. Hebrew concepts of justice (mishpat, מִשְׁפָּט) and righteousness (tsedeq, צֶדֶק) permeate David's response.

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Historical & Cultural Context

The historical setting of 2 Samuel 4 occurs during David's reign (circa 1010-970 BCE) over Israel's united monarchy. Archaeological discoveries, including the Tel Dan inscription mentioning the 'House of David,' corroborate biblical historicity. Ancient Near Eastern customs regarding righteous vs unrighteous means provide crucial background. The geopolitical situation involved regional powers—Philistines, Ammonites, Arameans, Moabites, Edomites—as David consolidated and expanded Israel's territory. Cultural practices concerning kingship, warfare, covenant relationships, family dynamics, and religious observance differed significantly from modern Western contexts, requiring careful attention to avoid anachronistic interpretation while extracting timeless theological principles applicable across cultures and eras.

Reflection Questions

  1. How does this passage deepen your understanding of righteous vs unrighteous means?
  2. What does this verse reveal about God's character, and how should that shape your worship and obedience?
  3. In what specific ways can you apply this truth to your current circumstances and relationships this week?

Original Language Analysis

Hebrew · 12 words
וַיִּשְׁמַ֣ע1 of 12

heard

H8085

to hear intelligently (often with implication of attention, obedience, etc.; causatively, to tell, etc.)

בֶּן2 of 12

son

H1121

a son (as a builder of the family name), in the widest sense (of literal and figurative relationship, including grandson, subject, nation, quality or

שָׁא֗וּל3 of 12

And when Saul's

H7586

shaul, the name of an edomite and two israelites

כִּ֣י4 of 12
H3588

(by implication) very widely used as a relative conjunction or adverb (as below); often largely modified by other particles annexed

מֵ֤ת5 of 12

was dead

H4191

to die (literally or figuratively); causatively, to kill

אַבְנֵר֙6 of 12

that Abner

H74

abner, an israelite

בְּחֶבְר֔וֹן7 of 12

in Hebron

H2275

chebron, the name of two israelites

וַיִּרְפּ֖וּ8 of 12

were feeble

H7503

to slacken (in many applications, literal or figurative)

יָדָ֑יו9 of 12

his hands

H3027

a hand (the open one [indicating power, means, direction, etc.], in distinction from h3709, the closed one); used (as noun, adverb, etc.) in a great v

וְכָל10 of 12
H3605

properly, the whole; hence, all, any or every (in the singular only, but often in a plural sense)

יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל11 of 12

and all the Israelites

H3478

he will rule as god; jisral, a symbolical name of jacob; also (typically) of his posterity

נִבְהָֽלוּ׃12 of 12

were troubled

H926

to tremble inwardly (or palpitate), i.e., (figuratively) be (causative, make) (suddenly) alarmed or agitated; by implication to hasten anxiously


Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of 2 Samuel. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

2 Samuel 4:1 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

Cross-References

Verses related to 2 Samuel 4:1 from Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

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