King James Version

What Does 2 Kings 15:17 Mean?

2 Kings 15:17 in the King James Version says “In the nine and thirtieth year of Azariah king of Judah began Menahem the son of Gadi to reign over Israel, and reigned ... — study this verse from 2 Kings chapter 15 with commentary, cross-references, and original Hebrew word analysis.

In the nine and thirtieth year of Azariah king of Judah began Menahem the son of Gadi to reign over Israel, and reigned ten years in Samaria.

2 Kings 15:17 · KJV


Context

15

And the rest of the acts of Shallum, and his conspiracy which he made, behold, they are written in the book of the chronicles of the kings of Israel.

16

Then Menahem smote Tiphsah, and all that were therein, and the coasts thereof from Tirzah: because they opened not to him, therefore he smote it; and all the women therein that were with child he ripped up.

17

In the nine and thirtieth year of Azariah king of Judah began Menahem the son of Gadi to reign over Israel, and reigned ten years in Samaria.

18

And he did that which was evil in the sight of the LORD: he departed not all his days from the sins of Jeroboam the son of Nebat, who made Israel to sin.

19

And Pul the king of Assyria came against the land: and Menahem gave Pul a thousand talents of silver, that his hand might be with him to confirm the kingdom in his hand.


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
In the nine and thirtieth year of Azariah king of Judah began Menahem the son of Gadi to reign over Israel, and reigned ten years in Samaria.

This verse contributes to the overall theme of chapter 15: Political chaos reveals spiritual bankruptcy. The reference to kingship reminds readers that all human authority is subordinate to God's ultimate kingship. This passage occurs during the decline toward Israel's exile, demonstrating how persistent covenant unfaithfulness leads to national disaster.

The narrative demonstrates God's justice in judging covenant unfaithfulness while maintaining His ultimate purposes for redemption.

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Historical & Cultural Context

Historical Setting: 2 Kings 15 takes place during the declining years of the northern kingdom, 8th century BCE, culminating in exile in 722 BCE. The chapter's theme (Rapid Succession and Instability) reflects the historical reality of progressive political instability and external threats, particularly from Aram (Syria) and later Assyria. Archaeological evidence from this period includes royal inscriptions, administrative documents, and material culture that corroborate the biblical account while providing additional context for understanding the political and social dynamics at work.

Reflection Questions

  1. How does this verse contribute to understanding the theological message of 2 Kings 15 regarding political chaos reveals spiritual bankruptcy?
  2. What does this passage reveal about God's character, particularly His justice, mercy, and faithfulness to covenant promises?
  3. In what practical ways should this text shape contemporary Christian thinking about faithfulness, worship, and obedience to God?

Original Language Analysis

Hebrew · 16 words
שָׁנִ֖ים1 of 16

year

H8141

a year (as a revolution of time)

שְׁלֹשִׁ֤ים2 of 16

and thirtieth

H7970

thirty; or (ordinal) thirtieth

וָתֵ֙שַׁע֙3 of 16

In the nine

H8672

nine or (ordinal) ninth

שָׁנִ֖ים4 of 16

year

H8141

a year (as a revolution of time)

לַֽעֲזַרְיָ֖ה5 of 16

of Azariah

H5838

azarjah, the name of nineteen israelites

מֶ֣לֶךְ6 of 16

king

H4428

a king

יְהוּדָ֑ה7 of 16

of Judah

H3063

jehudah (or judah), the name of five israelites; also of the tribe descended from the first, and of its territory

מָ֠לַךְ8 of 16

to reign

H4427

to reign; hence (by implication) to take counsel

מְנַחֵ֨ם9 of 16

began Menahem

H4505

menachem, an israelite

בֶּן10 of 16

the son

H1121

a son (as a builder of the family name), in the widest sense (of literal and figurative relationship, including grandson, subject, nation, quality or

גָּדִ֧י11 of 16

of Gadi

H1424

gadi, an israelite

עַל12 of 16
H5921

above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applications

יִשְׂרָאֵ֛ל13 of 16

over Israel

H3478

he will rule as god; jisral, a symbolical name of jacob; also (typically) of his posterity

עֶ֥שֶׂר14 of 16

and reigned ten

H6235

ten (as an accumulation to the extent of the digits)

שָׁנִ֖ים15 of 16

year

H8141

a year (as a revolution of time)

בְּשֹֽׁמְרֽוֹן׃16 of 16

in Samaria

H8111

shomeron, a place in palestine


Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of 2 Kings. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

2 Kings 15:17 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

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