King James Version

What Does 1 Samuel 23:15 Mean?

1 Samuel 23:15 in the King James Version says “And David saw that Saul was come out to seek his life: and David was in the wilderness of Ziph in a wood. — study this verse from 1 Samuel chapter 23 with commentary, cross-references, and original Hebrew word analysis.

And David saw that Saul was come out to seek his life: and David was in the wilderness of Ziph in a wood.

1 Samuel 23:15 · KJV


Context

13

Then David and his men, which were about six hundred , arose and departed out of Keilah, and went whithersoever they could go. And it was told Saul that David was escaped from Keilah; and he forbare to go forth.

14

And David abode in the wilderness in strong holds, and remained in a mountain in the wilderness of Ziph. And Saul sought him every day, but God delivered him not into his hand.

15

And David saw that Saul was come out to seek his life: and David was in the wilderness of Ziph in a wood.

16

And Jonathan Saul's son arose, and went to David into the wood, and strengthened his hand in God.

17

And he said unto him, Fear not: for the hand of Saul my father shall not find thee; and thou shalt be king over Israel, and I shall be next unto thee; and that also Saul my father knoweth.


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
And David saw that Saul was come out to seek his life: and David was in the wilderness of Ziph in a wood.

David's awareness of danger remained acute. The Hebrew 'vayar' (saw/perceived) indicates clear understanding of his situation—Saul sought 'his life' (naphsho), not merely his capture. The specific location 'in a wood' (Hebrew 'bachoresh') describes forested area within the wilderness, providing concealment. David's situation combined multiple dangers: the hostile wilderness, Saul's pursuit, and the psychological burden of continuous flight. Yet even in the wood, David was not alone—God's protection continued, and Jonathan's visit (v. 16) would soon encourage him. This verse sets the scene for one of Scripture's most tender friendship moments.

KJV Study — Public Domain

Historical & Cultural Context

Forested areas in the wilderness of Ziph were rare but existed in certain locations. The 'wood' (choresh) provided concealment but also limited escape routes. David's knowledge of local terrain proved essential for survival during these years.

Reflection Questions

  1. How do you maintain faith when you clearly see that powerful forces seek your destruction?
  2. What does David's wilderness hiding teach about seasons of concealment before exaltation?

Original Language Analysis

Hebrew · 12 words
וַיַּ֣רְא1 of 12

saw

H7200

to see, literally or figuratively (in numerous applications, direct and implied, transitive, intransitive and causative)

וְדָוִ֥ד2 of 12

And David

H1732

david, the youngest son of jesse

כִּֽי3 of 12
H3588

(by implication) very widely used as a relative conjunction or adverb (as below); often largely modified by other particles annexed

יָצָ֥א4 of 12

was come out

H3318

to go (causatively, bring) out, in a great variety of applications, literally and figuratively, direct and proxim

שָׁא֖וּל5 of 12

that Saul

H7586

shaul, the name of an edomite and two israelites

לְבַקֵּ֣שׁ6 of 12

to seek

H1245

to search out (by any method, specifically in worship or prayer); by implication, to strive after

אֶת7 of 12
H853

properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)

נַפְשׁ֑וֹ8 of 12

his life

H5315

properly, a breathing creature, i.e., animal of (abstractly) vitality; used very widely in a literal, accommodated or figurative sense (bodily or ment

וְדָוִ֥ד9 of 12

And David

H1732

david, the youngest son of jesse

בְּמִדְבַּר10 of 12

was in the wilderness

H4057

a pasture (i.e., open field, whither cattle are driven); by implication, a desert

זִ֖יף11 of 12

of Ziph

H2128

ziph, the name of a place in palestine; also of an israelite

בַּחֹֽרְשָׁה׃12 of 12

in a wood

H2793

a forest (perhaps as furnishing the material for fabric)


Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of 1 Samuel. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

1 Samuel 23:15 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

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