King James Version

What Does 1 Samuel 23:16 Mean?

1 Samuel 23:16 in the King James Version says “And Jonathan Saul's son arose, and went to David into the wood, and strengthened his hand in God. — study this verse from 1 Samuel chapter 23 with commentary, cross-references, and original Hebrew word analysis.

And Jonathan Saul's son arose, and went to David into the wood, and strengthened his hand in God.

1 Samuel 23:16 · KJV


Context

14

And David abode in the wilderness in strong holds, and remained in a mountain in the wilderness of Ziph. And Saul sought him every day, but God delivered him not into his hand.

15

And David saw that Saul was come out to seek his life: and David was in the wilderness of Ziph in a wood.

16

And Jonathan Saul's son arose, and went to David into the wood, and strengthened his hand in God.

17

And he said unto him, Fear not: for the hand of Saul my father shall not find thee; and thou shalt be king over Israel, and I shall be next unto thee; and that also Saul my father knoweth.

18

And they two made a covenant before the LORD: and David abode in the wood, and Jonathan went to his house.


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
And Jonathan Saul's son arose, and went to David into the wood, and strengthened his hand in God.

Jonathan's visit represents remarkable covenant faithfulness. The Hebrew 'vayechazzeq et-yado belohim' (strengthened his hand in God) describes spiritual encouragement rooted in divine promises. Jonathan risked everything—discovery would confirm his father's conspiracy accusations. Yet love compelled him to find David in his lowest moment. The phrase 'strengthened his hand' echoes Joshua's commissioning (Deuteronomy 3:28) and describes preparation for divine assignment. Jonathan did not merely comfort David emotionally but reinforced his grip on God's promises. True friendship ministers God's truth when circumstances contradict His promises.

KJV Study — Public Domain

Historical & Cultural Context

Jonathan's journey into the wilderness required evading both his father's surveillance and the dangers of travel. His willingness to seek David demonstrated loyalty exceeding family bonds. This meeting was likely their last significant encounter before Jonathan's death.

Reflection Questions

  1. Who has 'strengthened your hand in God' during your most difficult seasons?
  2. How do you minister divine encouragement to friends facing discouragement?

Original Language Analysis

Hebrew · 12 words
וַיָּ֙קָם֙1 of 12

arose

H6965

to rise (in various applications, literal, figurative, intensive and causative)

יְהֽוֹנָתָ֣ן2 of 12

And Jonathan

H3083

jehonathan, the name of four israelites

בֶּן3 of 12

son

H1121

a son (as a builder of the family name), in the widest sense (of literal and figurative relationship, including grandson, subject, nation, quality or

שָׁא֔וּל4 of 12

Saul's

H7586

shaul, the name of an edomite and two israelites

וַיֵּ֥לֶךְ5 of 12
H1980

to walk (in a great variety of applications, literally and figuratively)

אֶל6 of 12
H413

near, with or among; often in general, to

דָּוִ֖ד7 of 12

to David

H1732

david, the youngest son of jesse

חֹ֑רְשָׁה8 of 12

into the wood

H2793

a forest (perhaps as furnishing the material for fabric)

וַיְחַזֵּ֥ק9 of 12

and strengthened

H2388

to fasten upon; hence, to seize, be strong (figuratively, courageous, causatively strengthen, cure, help, repair, fortify), obstinate; to bind, restra

אֶת10 of 12
H853

properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)

יָד֖וֹ11 of 12

his hand

H3027

a hand (the open one [indicating power, means, direction, etc.], in distinction from h3709, the closed one); used (as noun, adverb, etc.) in a great v

בֵּֽאלֹהִֽים׃12 of 12

in God

H430

gods in the ordinary sense; but specifically used (in the plural thus, especially with the article) of the supreme god; occasionally applied by way of


Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of 1 Samuel. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

1 Samuel 23:16 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

Cross-References

Verses related to 1 Samuel 23:16 from Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

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