King James Version

What Does 1 Samuel 23:1 Mean?

1 Samuel 23:1 in the King James Version says “Then they told David, saying, Behold, the Philistines fight against Keilah, and they rob the threshingfloors. — study this verse from 1 Samuel chapter 23 with commentary, cross-references, and original Hebrew word analysis.

Then they told David, saying, Behold, the Philistines fight against Keilah, and they rob the threshingfloors.

1 Samuel 23:1 · KJV


Context

1

Then they told David, saying, Behold, the Philistines fight against Keilah, and they rob the threshingfloors.

2

Therefore David enquired of the LORD, saying, Shall I go and smite these Philistines? And the LORD said unto David, Go, and smite the Philistines, and save Keilah.

3

And David's men said unto him, Behold, we be afraid here in Judah: how much more then if we come to Keilah against the armies of the Philistines?


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
Then they told David, saying, Behold, the Philistines fight against Keilah, and they rob the threshingfloors.

David receives intelligence about Philistine aggression while himself a fugitive from Saul. The Hebrew 'shosei' (robbing/plundering) describes the theft of harvested grain—an economic assault on Judean farmers. Keilah, a fortified town in the Shephelah, lay vulnerable to Philistine raids. The threshing floors represented the community's annual food supply; their plunder meant starvation. Despite being hunted by Israel's king, David's concern extends to Israel's welfare. This report initiates a pattern: the outlaw shows more care for Israel than the king. David's response to this crisis reveals character—true leadership seeks the good of others even amid personal suffering.

KJV Study — Public Domain

Historical & Cultural Context

Keilah was located in the lowlands (Shephelah) between the hill country and Philistine territory. Threshing floors were typically located outside town walls for wind access, making them vulnerable to raids. Philistine expansion constantly threatened these border communities.

Reflection Questions

  1. How do you respond to others' needs when you yourself are in difficult circumstances?
  2. What does David's concern for Keilah teach about true leadership versus self-preservation?

Original Language Analysis

Hebrew · 11 words
וַיַּגִּ֥דוּ1 of 11

Then they told

H5046

properly, to front, i.e., stand boldly out opposite; by implication (causatively), to manifest; figuratively, to announce (always by word of mouth to

לְדָוִ֖ד2 of 11

David

H1732

david, the youngest son of jesse

לֵאמֹ֑ר3 of 11

saying

H559

to say (used with great latitude)

הִנֵּ֤ה4 of 11
H2009

lo!

פְלִשְׁתִּים֙5 of 11

Behold the Philistines

H6430

a pelishtite or inhabitant of pelesheth

נִלְחָמִ֣ים6 of 11

fight

H3898

to feed on; figuratively, to consume

בִּקְעִילָ֔ה7 of 11

against Keilah

H7084

keilah, a place in palestine

וְהֵ֖מָּה8 of 11
H1992

they (only used when emphatic)

שֹׁסִ֥ים9 of 11

and they rob

H8154

to plunder

אֶת10 of 11
H853

properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)

הַגֳּרָנֽוֹת׃11 of 11

the threshingfloors

H1637

a threshing-floor (as made even); by analogy, any open area


Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of 1 Samuel. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

1 Samuel 23:1 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

Cross-References

Verses related to 1 Samuel 23:1 from Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

Places in This Verse

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