King James Version

What Does 1 Samuel 2:18 Mean?

1 Samuel 2:18 in the King James Version says “But Samuel ministered before the LORD, being a child, girded with a linen ephod. — study this verse from 1 Samuel chapter 2 with commentary, cross-references, and original Hebrew word analysis.

But Samuel ministered before the LORD, being a child, girded with a linen ephod.

1 Samuel 2:18 · KJV


Context

16

And if any man said unto him, Let them not fail to burn the fat presently, and then take as much as thy soul desireth; then he would answer him, Nay; but thou shalt give it me now: and if not, I will take it by force. presently: Heb. as on the day

17

Wherefore the sin of the young men was very great before the LORD: for men abhorred the offering of the LORD.

18

But Samuel ministered before the LORD, being a child, girded with a linen ephod.

19

Moreover his mother made him a little coat, and brought it to him from year to year, when she came up with her husband to offer the yearly sacrifice.

20

And Eli blessed Elkanah and his wife, and said, The LORD give thee seed of this woman for the loan which is lent to the LORD. And they went unto their own home. loan: or, petition which she asked, etc


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
The narrative deliberately juxtaposes the corruption of Eli's sons with Samuel's faithful service. 'But Samuel ministered before the LORD' presents sharp contrast. His 'linen ephod' - a priestly garment - indicates legitimate service even as a child. Where Hophni and Phinehas profaned their office, Samuel honored his. Where they exploited worshipers, he served the LORD. The word 'child' (na'ar) emphasizes his youth, making the contrast more striking. God is already preparing His replacement for the failed priesthood even while judgment approaches.

KJV Study — Public Domain

Historical & Cultural Context

The linen ephod was typically a priestly garment (Exodus 28:42; Leviticus 6:10), though a simpler version was worn by others in sacred service (2 Samuel 6:14). Samuel's wearing it indicates his consecrated status, even before he assumed formal prophetic office.

Reflection Questions

  1. How does faithful service in youth prepare for greater responsibility?
  2. What does the contrast between Samuel and Eli's sons teach about character formation?

Original Language Analysis

Hebrew · 9 words
וּשְׁמוּאֵ֕ל1 of 9

But Samuel

H8050

shemuel, the name of three israelites

מְשָׁרֵ֖ת2 of 9

ministered

H8334

to attend as a menial or worshipper; figuratively, to contribute to

אֶת3 of 9
H853

properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)

פְּנֵ֣י4 of 9

before

H6440

the face (as the part that turns); used in a great variety of applications (literally and figuratively); also (with prepositional prefix) as a preposi

יְהוָ֑ה5 of 9

the LORD

H3068

(the) self-existent or eternal; jeho-vah, jewish national name of god

נַ֕עַר6 of 9

being a child

H5288

(concretely) a boy (as active), from the age of infancy to adolescence; by implication, a servant; also (by interch. of sex), a girl (of similar latit

חָג֖וּר7 of 9

girded

H2296

to gird on (as a belt, armor, etc.)

אֵפ֥וֹד8 of 9

ephod

H646

a girdle; specifically the ephod or highpriest's shoulder-piece; also generally, an image

בָּֽד׃9 of 9

with a linen

H906

flaxen thread or yarn; hence, a linen garment


Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of 1 Samuel. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

1 Samuel 2:18 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

Cross-References

Verses related to 1 Samuel 2:18 from Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

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