King James Version

What Does 1 Samuel 10:20 Mean?

1 Samuel 10:20 in the King James Version says “And when Samuel had caused all the tribes of Israel to come near, the tribe of Benjamin was taken. — study this verse from 1 Samuel chapter 10 with commentary, cross-references, and original Hebrew word analysis.

And when Samuel had caused all the tribes of Israel to come near, the tribe of Benjamin was taken.

1 Samuel 10:20 · KJV


Context

18

And said unto the children of Israel, Thus saith the LORD God of Israel, I brought up Israel out of Egypt, and delivered you out of the hand of the Egyptians, and out of the hand of all kingdoms, and of them that oppressed you:

19

And ye have this day rejected your God, who himself saved you out of all your adversities and your tribulations; and ye have said unto him, Nay, but set a king over us. Now therefore present yourselves before the LORD by your tribes, and by your thousands.

20

And when Samuel had caused all the tribes of Israel to come near, the tribe of Benjamin was taken.

21

When he had caused the tribe of Benjamin to come near by their families, the family of Matri was taken, and Saul the son of Kish was taken: and when they sought him, he could not be found.

22

Therefore they enquired of the LORD further, if the man should yet come thither. And the LORD answered, Behold, he hath hid himself among the stuff.


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
And when Samuel had caused all the tribes of Israel to come near, the tribe of Benjamin was taken.

The selection by lot begins with tribal level identification. The Hebrew 'laqad' (taken/caught) is the same word used for capturing prey or enemies, suggesting the lot 'seized' Benjamin from among the tribes. Casting lots was Israel's sanctioned method for discerning God's will in specific decisions (Proverbs 16:33: 'The lot is cast into the lap; but the whole disposing thereof is of the LORD'). The selection of Benjamin - Israel's smallest tribe, nearly annihilated in the civil war of Judges 19-21 - demonstrated God's pattern of choosing the weak and unlikely. Benjamin's territory between powerful Ephraim and Judah made them politically neutral, potentially acceptable to tribal factions. Jacob's blessing had called Benjamin a 'ravenous wolf' (Genesis 49:27); Saul's initial military success would fulfill this characterization before his tragic decline.

KJV Study — Public Domain

Historical & Cultural Context

The near-extinction of Benjamin during the concubine outrage (Judges 19-21) had left this tribe diminished. Selecting Israel's first king from this smallest tribe paralleled God's choice of Israel itself - not for their greatness but despite their smallness (Deuteronomy 7:7).

Reflection Questions

  1. Why does God consistently choose the unlikely and overlooked for significant purposes?
  2. How does the lot-casting process demonstrate that divine sovereignty works through means?

Original Language Analysis

Hebrew · 9 words
וַיַּקְרֵ֣ב1 of 9

to come near

H7126

to approach (causatively, bring near) for whatever purpose

שְׁמוּאֵ֔ל2 of 9

And when Samuel

H8050

shemuel, the name of three israelites

אֵ֖ת3 of 9
H853

properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)

כָּל4 of 9
H3605

properly, the whole; hence, all, any or every (in the singular only, but often in a plural sense)

שֵׁ֥בֶט5 of 9

had caused all the tribes

H7626

a scion, i.e., (literally) a stick (for punishing, writing, fighting, ruling, walking, etc.) or (figuratively) a clan

יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל6 of 9

of Israel

H3478

he will rule as god; jisral, a symbolical name of jacob; also (typically) of his posterity

וַיִּלָּכֵ֖ד7 of 9

was taken

H3920

to catch (in a net, trap or pit); generally, to capture or occupy; also to choose (by lot); figuratively, to cohere

שֵׁ֥בֶט8 of 9

had caused all the tribes

H7626

a scion, i.e., (literally) a stick (for punishing, writing, fighting, ruling, walking, etc.) or (figuratively) a clan

בִּנְיָמִֽן׃9 of 9

of Benjamin

H1144

binjamin, youngest son of jacob; also the tribe descended from him, and its territory


Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of 1 Samuel. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

1 Samuel 10:20 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

Cross-References

Verses related to 1 Samuel 10:20 from Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

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