King James Version

What Does 1 Samuel 1:21 Mean?

1 Samuel 1:21 in the King James Version says “And the man Elkanah, and all his house, went up to offer unto the LORD the yearly sacrifice, and his vow. — study this verse from 1 Samuel chapter 1 with commentary, cross-references, and original Hebrew word analysis.

And the man Elkanah, and all his house, went up to offer unto the LORD the yearly sacrifice, and his vow.

1 Samuel 1:21 · KJV


Context

19

And they rose up in the morning early, and worshipped before the LORD, and returned, and came to their house to Ramah: and Elkanah knew Hannah his wife; and the LORD remembered her.

20

Wherefore it came to pass, when the time was come about after Hannah had conceived, that she bare a son, and called his name Samuel, saying, Because I have asked him of the LORD. when: Heb. in revolution of days Samuel: that is, Asked of God

21

And the man Elkanah, and all his house, went up to offer unto the LORD the yearly sacrifice, and his vow.

22

But Hannah went not up; for she said unto her husband, I will not go up until the child be weaned, and then I will bring him, that he may appear before the LORD, and there abide for ever.

23

And Elkanah her husband said unto her, Do what seemeth thee good; tarry until thou have weaned him; only the LORD establish his word. So the woman abode, and gave her son suck until she weaned him.


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
Elkanah's continuation of annual pilgrimage demonstrates unchanged faithful practice. The reference to 'his vow' indicates he had joined Hannah's commitment, showing marital unity in spiritual matters. The household's collective worship ('all his house') models family religion centered on covenant obligations. Yet the focus shifts to Hannah's exceptional commitment - she will not merely visit Shiloh annually but leave her son there permanently. Elkanah's family maintains normal religious observance while Hannah prepares for extraordinary sacrifice.

KJV Study — Public Domain

Historical & Cultural Context

The 'yearly sacrifice' likely refers to family obligations beyond the three mandatory festivals. Some scholars suggest this was a special vow-fulfillment offering. The inclusion of 'his vow' indicates Elkanah had made his own commitments to God, perhaps concerning Samuel's dedication.

Reflection Questions

  1. How do you maintain regular spiritual disciplines while preparing for seasons of extraordinary commitment?
  2. What role does family unity play in fulfilling significant spiritual vows?

Original Language Analysis

Hebrew · 12 words
וַיַּ֛עַל1 of 12

went up

H5927

to ascend, intransitively (be high) or actively (mount); used in a great variety of senses, primary and secondary, literal and figurative

הָאִ֥ישׁ2 of 12

And the man

H376

a man as an individual or a male person; often used as an adjunct to a more definite term (and in such cases frequently not expressed in translation)

אֶלְקָנָ֖ה3 of 12

Elkanah

H511

elkanah, the name of several israelites

וְכָל4 of 12
H3605

properly, the whole; hence, all, any or every (in the singular only, but often in a plural sense)

בֵּית֑וֹ5 of 12

and all his house

H1004

a house (in the greatest variation of applications, especially family, etc.)

לִזְבֹּ֧חַ6 of 12

to offer

H2076

to slaughter an animal (usually in sacrifice)

לַֽיהוָ֛ה7 of 12

unto the LORD

H3068

(the) self-existent or eternal; jeho-vah, jewish national name of god

אֶת8 of 12
H853

properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)

זֶ֥בַח9 of 12

sacrifice

H2077

properly, a slaughter, i.e., the flesh of an animal; by implication, a sacrifice (the victim or the act)

הַיָּמִ֖ים10 of 12

the yearly

H3117

a day (as the warm hours), whether literal (from sunrise to sunset, or from one sunset to the next), or figurative (a space of time defined by an asso

וְאֶת11 of 12
H853

properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)

נִדְרֽוֹ׃12 of 12

and his vow

H5088

a promise (to god); also (concretely) a thing promised


Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of 1 Samuel. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

1 Samuel 1:21 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

Cross-References

Verses related to 1 Samuel 1:21 from Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

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