King James Version

What Does 1 Peter 2:10 Mean?

1 Peter 2:10 in the King James Version says “Which in time past were not a people, but are now the people of God: which had not obtained mercy, but now have obtained... — study this verse from 1 Peter chapter 2 with commentary, cross-references, and original Greek word analysis.

Which in time past were not a people, but are now the people of God: which had not obtained mercy, but now have obtained mercy.

1 Peter 2:10 · KJV


Context

8

And a stone of stumbling, and a rock of offence, even to them which stumble at the word, being disobedient: whereunto also they were appointed.

9

But ye are a chosen generation, a royal priesthood, an holy nation, a peculiar people; that ye should shew forth the praises of him who hath called you out of darkness into his marvellous light: peculiar: or, purchased praises: or, virtues

10

Which in time past were not a people, but are now the people of God: which had not obtained mercy, but now have obtained mercy.

11

Dearly beloved, I beseech you as strangers and pilgrims, abstain from fleshly lusts, which war against the soul;

12

Having your conversation honest among the Gentiles: that, whereas they speak against you as evildoers, they may by your good works, which they shall behold, glorify God in the day of visitation. whereas: or, wherein


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
Peter applies Hosea's prophecy to church. "Which in time past were not a people, but are now the people of God" (hoi pote ou laos, nyn de laos theou) quotes Hosea 2:23. Gentiles, formerly excluded from covenant, now constitute God's people through Christ. "Which had not obtained mercy, but now have obtained mercy" (hoi ouk ēlēmenoi, nyn de eleēthentes) emphasizes transformation from judgment to grace. This radical shift demonstrates gospel power—transforming outsiders into insiders, strangers into family, enemies into beloved.

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Historical & Cultural Context

Hosea prophesied Israel's restoration after judgment. Peter applies this to Gentile inclusion in covenant community—stunning claim that offended Jewish exclusivists. The church, predominantly Gentile by time of writing, fulfilled promises made to Israel. This doesn't mean replacement but expansion—one people of God comprising believing Jews and Gentiles (Galatians 3:28-29, Ephesians 2:11-22). Early church struggled with Jew-Gentile unity; Peter's teaching promoted reconciliation in Christ.

Reflection Questions

  1. How should knowing you were 'not a people' but now are 'God's people' shape your identity and purpose?
  2. What does receiving mercy (which you didn't obtain before) motivate in terms of showing mercy to others?

Original Language Analysis

Greek · 14 words
οἱ1 of 14

Which

G3588

the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)

ποτε2 of 14

in time past

G4218

indefinite adverb, at some time, ever

οὐκ3 of 14

had not

G3756

the absolute negative (compare g3361) adverb; no or not

λαὸς4 of 14

a people

G2992

a people (in general; thus differing from g1218, which denotes one's own populace)

νῦν5 of 14

are now

G3568

"now" (as adverb of date, a transition or emphasis); also as noun or adjective present or immediate

δὲ6 of 14

but

G1161

but, and, etc

λαὸς7 of 14

a people

G2992

a people (in general; thus differing from g1218, which denotes one's own populace)

θεοῦ8 of 14

of God

G2316

a deity, especially (with g3588) the supreme divinity; figuratively, a magistrate; exceedingly (by hebraism)

οἱ9 of 14

Which

G3588

the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)

οὐκ10 of 14

had not

G3756

the absolute negative (compare g3361) adverb; no or not

ἐλεηθέντες11 of 14

have obtained mercy

G1653

to compassionate (by word or deed, specially, by divine grace)

νῦν12 of 14

are now

G3568

"now" (as adverb of date, a transition or emphasis); also as noun or adjective present or immediate

δὲ13 of 14

but

G1161

but, and, etc

ἐλεηθέντες14 of 14

have obtained mercy

G1653

to compassionate (by word or deed, specially, by divine grace)


Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of 1 Peter. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

1 Peter 2:10 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

Cross-References

Verses related to 1 Peter 2:10 from Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

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