King James Version

What Does 1 Kings 3:19 Mean?

1 Kings 3:19 in the King James Version says “And this woman's child died in the night; because she overlaid it. — study this verse from 1 Kings chapter 3 with commentary, cross-references, and original Hebrew word analysis.

And this woman's child died in the night; because she overlaid it.

1 Kings 3:19 · KJV


Context

17

And the one woman said, O my lord, I and this woman dwell in one house; and I was delivered of a child with her in the house.

18

And it came to pass the third day after that I was delivered, that this woman was delivered also: and we were together; there was no stranger with us in the house, save we two in the house.

19

And this woman's child died in the night; because she overlaid it.

20

And she arose at midnight , and took my son from beside me, while thine handmaid slept, and laid it in her bosom, and laid her dead child in my bosom.

21

And when I rose in the morning to give my child suck, behold, it was dead: but when I had considered it in the morning, behold, it was not my son, which I did bear.


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
And this woman's child died in the night; because she overlaid it.

This verse contributes to the broader narrative of solomon's wisdom and the famous judgment, within the book's focus on Solomon's wisdom, temple building, and tragic apostasy.

The Hebrew text reveals nuances important for understanding this passage's contribution to 1 Kings' theological message about kingship, covenant, and faithfulness to Yahweh. This verse demonstrates the consequences when God's people—especially their leaders—either follow or forsake the covenant established at Sinai.

KJV Study — Public Domain

Historical & Cultural Context

First Kings was written during or after the Babylonian exile (6th century BCE), reflecting on the monarchy period (10th-9th centuries BCE) to explain why the kingdoms fell. Solomon's reign (c. 970-930 BCE) represented Israel's golden age of peace and prosperity.

Ancient Near Eastern kingship ideology viewed kings as divine representatives responsible for maintaining cosmic order through right worship. Archaeological discoveries from sites like Megiddo, Hazor, and Samaria confirm the historical reliability of 1 Kings' descriptions of building projects and administrative structures.

Reflection Questions

  1. How does the temple as God's dwelling place help us understand Christ's incarnation and the church as God's temple today?
  2. What does Solomon's prayer and dedication teach about approaching God in worship and prayer?
  3. How does this verse point toward or prepare for the coming of Christ and His eternal kingdom?

Original Language Analysis

Hebrew · 8 words
וַיָּ֛מָת1 of 8

died

H4191

to die (literally or figuratively); causatively, to kill

בֶּן2 of 8

child

H1121

a son (as a builder of the family name), in the widest sense (of literal and figurative relationship, including grandson, subject, nation, quality or

הָֽאִשָּׁ֥ה3 of 8

And this woman's

H802

a woman

הַזֹּ֖את4 of 8
H2063

this (often used adverb)

לָ֑יְלָה5 of 8

in the night

H3915

properly, a twist (away of the light), i.e., night; figuratively, adversity

אֲשֶׁ֥ר6 of 8
H834

who, which, what, that; also (as an adverb and a conjunction) when, where, how, because, in order that, etc

שָֽׁכְבָ֖ה7 of 8

because she overlaid

H7901

to lie down (for rest, sexual connection, decease or any other purpose)

עָלָֽיו׃8 of 8
H5921

above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applications


Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of 1 Kings. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

1 Kings 3:19 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

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