King James Version

What Does 1 Chronicles 23:21 Mean?

1 Chronicles 23:21 in the King James Version says “The sons of Merari; Mahli, and Mushi. The sons of Mahli; Eleazar, and Kish.” — study this verse from 1 Chronicles chapter 23 with commentary, cross-references, and original Hebrew word analysis.

“The sons of Merari; Mahli, and Mushi. The sons of Mahli; Eleazar, and Kish.”

1 Chronicles 23:21 · KJV

Context

19

Of the sons of Hebron; Jeriah the first, Amariah the second, Jahaziel the third, and Jekameam the fourth.

20

Of the sons of Uzziel; Michah the first, and Jesiah the second.

21

The sons of Merari; Mahli, and Mushi. The sons of Mahli; Eleazar, and Kish.

22

And Eleazar died, and had no sons, but daughters: and their brethren the sons of Kish took them. brethren: or, kinsmen

23

The sons of Mushi; Mahli, and Eder, and Jeremoth, three.

Read 1 Chronicles 23 full chapter

Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
Theological Analysis: This passage falls within the section on Levitical divisions and temple service organization. The Hebrew term עֲבוֹדָה (avodah) - service/work is theologically significant here, pointing to Ordered worship according to divine pattern. The Chronicler's narrative, while paralleling Samuel-Kings in places, offers a distinct theological perspective emphasizing temple worship, Levitical service, and covenant faithfulness.

Chronicles presents David not primarily as warrior-king but as worship organizer and temple planner. This verse contributes to that portrait by highlighting the spiritual dimensions of Israel's national life. The text demonstrates that true prosperity comes through proper worship and covenant obedience rather than merely military or political success.

Doctrinally, this passage teaches about Ordered worship according to divine pattern. Cross-references throughout Chronicles connect David's reign to the broader redemptive narrative, showing how God's covenant promises advance through faithful human leadership while ultimately depending on divine grace and power. The messianic implications are profound: Priesthood of all believers under Christ.

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Historical & Cultural Context

Historical Background: This section describes events from David's reign (c. 1010-970 BCE) but was written centuries later during the Persian period (c. 450-400 BCE). The Chronicler's selectivity in retelling David's story serves his theological purposes—he omits David's sins (Bathsheba, Absalom's rebellion) while emphasizing David's worship reforms and temple preparations.

The historical setting of Levitical divisions and temple service organization occurred during Israel's united monarchy, when the nation reached its territorial and political zenith. Archaeological evidence from this period shows significant building projects and administrative development. However, the Chronicler writes for a much smaller, struggling post-exilic community, using David's golden age to inspire hope for restoration.

Ancient Near Eastern parallels show that temple construction and royal sponsorship of worship were common across cultures. However, Israel's understanding of worship centered on covenant relationship with the one true God rather than manipulation of capricious deities. This theological distinctiveness shapes the Chronicler's presentation.

Reflection Questions

  1. How does this verse's emphasis on Ordered worship according to divine pattern challenge or affirm your current spiritual priorities and practices?
  2. What does Priesthood of all believers under Christ teach you about Jesus Christ and His redemptive work?
  3. In what practical ways can you apply the principles of covenant faithfulness and proper worship demonstrated in this passage?

Original Language Analysis

Hebrew · 8 words
בְּנֵ֥י1 of 8

“The sons”

H1121

a son (as a builder of the family name), in the widest sense (of literal and figurative relationship, including grandson, subject, nation, quality or

מְרָרִי֙2 of 8

“of Merari”

H4847

merari, an israelite

מַחְלִ֖י3 of 8

“Mahli”

H4249

machli, the name of two israelites

וּמוּשִׁ֔י4 of 8

“and Mushi”

H4187

mushi, a levite

בְּנֵ֥י5 of 8

“The sons”

H1121

a son (as a builder of the family name), in the widest sense (of literal and figurative relationship, including grandson, subject, nation, quality or

מַחְלִ֖י6 of 8

“Mahli”

H4249

machli, the name of two israelites

אֶלְעָזָ֥ר7 of 8

“Eleazar”

H499

elazar, the name of seven israelites

וְקִֽישׁ׃8 of 8

“and Kish”

H7027

kish, the name of five israelites

Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of 1 Chronicles. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

1 Chronicles 23:21 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

Cross-References

Verses related to 1 Chronicles 23:21 from Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

Exodus 6:191 Chronicles 6:201 Chronicles 24:26-301 Chronicles 6:301 Chronicles 23:6

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