About Isaiah

Isaiah proclaims both judgment and salvation, containing the most detailed messianic prophecies in the Old Testament.

Author: IsaiahWritten: c. 740-680 BCReading time: ~2 minVerses: 14
HolinessJudgmentSalvationMessiahServantRestoration

King James Version

Isaiah 58

14 verses with commentary

True Fasting

Cry aloud, spare not, lift up thy voice like a trumpet, and shew my people their transgression, and the house of Jacob their sins. aloud: Heb. with the throat

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KJV Study Commentary

The command 'Cry aloud, spare not, lift up thy voice like a trumpet' calls for bold, uncompromising proclamation of sin. The dual address 'shew my people their transgression, and the house of Jacob their sins' indicates that covenant community needs regular confrontation with their rebellion. This establishes that faithful preaching includes exposing sin, not just positive encouragement. God's peo...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

LVIII. (1) **Cry aloud . . .**—Literally, *with the throat, i.e., *with no faint whisper as from stammering lips, but with full strength of voice. The work of the preacher of repentance is not to be done slightly or by speaking smooth things (comp. Ezekiel 13:10-15). The “trumpet” of the next clause emphasises the thought yet further.

Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**9. Ye have seen--**rather, "Ye shall see." **city of David--**the upper city, on Zion, the south side of Jerusalem (2Sa 5:7, 9; 1Ki 8:1); surrounded by a wall of its own; but even in it there shall be "breaches." Hezekiah's preparations for defense accord with this (2Ch 32:5). **ye gathered--**rather, "ye shall gather." **lower pool--**(See on Is 22:11). Ye shall bring together into the ci...
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Yet they seek me daily , and delight to know my ways, as a nation that did righteousness, and forsook not the ordinance of their God: they ask of me the ordinances of justice; they take delight in approaching to God.

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KJV Study Commentary

God commands Isaiah to expose religious hypocrisy with the intensity of a shofar blast: "Cry aloud, spare not, lift up thy voice like a trumpet." The threefold command emphasizes urgency and boldness. The message targets "my people" and "the house of Jacob"—not pagans but God's covenant community. The irony is sharp: "They seek me daily, and delight to know my ways, as a nation that did righteousn...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(2) **Yet they seek me daily . . .**—The “seeking” is that of those who come, like the elders in Ezekiel 20:1, to “enquire” of Jehovah, and looking for an oracle from Him. The words point to the incongruous union, possible in the reign of Manasseh, but hardly possible after the exile, of this formal recognition of Jehovah with an apostate life. Every phrase rings in the tone of an incisive irony,,...
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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**10. numbered--**rather, "ye shall number," namely, in order to see which of them may be pulled down with the least loss to the city, and with most advantage for the repair of the walls and rearing of towers (2Ch 32:5). **have ye broken down--**rather, "ye shall break down."

Wherefore have we fasted, say they, and thou seest not? wherefore have we afflicted our soul, and thou takest no knowledge? Behold, in the day of your fast ye find pleasure, and exact all your labours. labours: or, things wherewith ye grieve others: Heb. griefs

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KJV Study Commentary

The people's complaint reveals their transactional view of religion: "Wherefore have we fasted, say they, and thou seest not?" They expect God to respond to their religious performances like a vending machine—insert fasting, receive blessing. "We have afflicted our soul, and thou takest no knowledge?" assumes merit-based relationship with God. God's answer exposes their self-centered worship: "Beh...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(3) **Wherefore have we fasted . . .**—The words remind us of those of a much later prophet (Malachi 3:14), but the complaints of the unconscious hypocrites who are amazed that their service is not accepted as sincere are in every age the same. Only one fast, that of the Day of Atonement, was prescribed by the Law. In practice, however, they were often held in times of calamity (comp. Isaiah 32:12...
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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**11. Ye made ... a ditch--**rather, "Ye shall make a reservoir" for receiving the water. Hezekiah surrounded Siloah, from which the old (or king's, or upper) pool took its rise, with a wall joined to the wall of Zion on both sides; between these two walls he made a new pool, into which he directed the waters of the former, thus cutting off the foe from his supply of water also. The opening from w...
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Behold, ye fast for strife and debate, and to smite with the fist of wickedness: ye shall not fast as ye do this day, to make your voice to be heard on high. ye shall: or, ye fast not as this day

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KJV Study Commentary

God exposes the contradiction in their religious practice: "Behold, ye fast for strife and debate, and to smite with the fist of wickedness." Their fasts don't produce humility and reconciliation but strife, contention, and violence. The "fist of wickedness" (<em>egrof resha</em>) suggests aggressive conflict—perhaps legal disputes, business rivalries, or social divisions. Religion becomes a weapo...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(4) **Behold, ye fast for strife and debate.**—The words possibly point to the psychological fact that an unspiritual fasting irritates the nerves and embitters the temper. Extremes meet, and the disputes of fasting controversialists are often as fierce as those of drunken disputants. (Comp. the conspiracy of Acts 23:21.)

Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**12. did the Lord God call--**Usually the priests gave the summons to national mourning (Joe 1:14); now Jehovah Himself shall give it; the "call" shall consist in the presence of a terrible foe. Translate, "shall call." **baldness--**emblem of grief (Job 1:20; Mi 1:16).

Is it such a fast that I have chosen? a day for a man to afflict his soul? is it to bow down his head as a bulrush, and to spread sackcloth and ashes under him? wilt thou call this a fast, and an acceptable day to the LORD? a day: or, to afflict his soul for a day?

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KJV Study Commentary

Through rhetorical questions, God defines what fasting is NOT: "Is it such a fast that I have chosen? a day for a man to afflict his soul?" The Hebrew <em>anah nephesh</em> (afflict soul) describes self-denial—the external actions of fasting. "Is it to bow down his head as a bulrush, and to spread sackcloth and ashes under him?" These were traditional signs of mourning and repentance (Jonah 3:5-6,...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(5) **A day for a man to afflict his soul.**—The phrase comes from Leviticus 16:29, and describes the soul-sorrow which was the true ideal of fasting. In contrast with this we have the picture, reminding us of Matthew 6:16, of the mechanical prostrations, which are as the waving of a bulrush in the breeze. The image suggests a new aspect of our Lord’s statement, that the Baptist was not as “a reed...
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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

13. Notwithstanding Jehovah's "call to mourning" (Is 22:12), many shall make the desperate state of affairs a reason for reckless revelry (Is 5:11, 12, 14; Jr 18:12; 1Co 15:32). Is 22:15-25. Prophecy That Shebna Should Be Deposed from Being Prefect of the Palace, and Eliakim Promoted to the Office. In Is 36:3, 22; 37:2, we find Shebna "a scribe," and no longer prefect of the palace ("over the h...
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Is not this the fast that I have chosen? to loose the bands of wickedness, to undo the heavy burdens, and to let the oppressed go free, and that ye break every yoke? the heavy: Heb. the bundles of the yoke oppressed: Heb. broken

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KJV Study Commentary

God now defines the fast He chooses: "to loose the bands of wickedness, to undo the heavy burdens, and to let the oppressed go free, and that ye break every yoke." Four parallel phrases emphasize comprehensive liberation. "Bands of wickedness" are cords of injustice binding people in oppression. "Heavy burdens" are the crushing weights of exploitation—economic, social, or political. "Let the oppre...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(6) **To loose the bands of wickedness.**—The words do not exclude abstinence from food as an act of discipline and victory over self-indulgence, but declare its insufficiency by itself. So in the practice of the ancient Church fasting and almsgiving were closely connected, as indeed they are in Matthew 6:1; Matthew 6:16. The history of the emancipation of the slaves and of their subsequent return...
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Is it not to deal thy bread to the hungry, and that thou bring the poor that are cast out to thy house? when thou seest the naked, that thou cover him; and that thou hide not thyself from thine own flesh? cast: or, afflicted

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KJV Study Commentary

The fast God chooses continues with practical expressions: "Is it not to deal thy bread to the hungry?" Sharing food with the famished is basic covenant obligation (Deuteronomy 15:7-11, Leviticus 25:35-37). "That thou bring the poor that are cast out to thy house?" means providing shelter for the homeless—the Hebrew <em>merudim</em> (cast out/wandering) describes those displaced and destitute. "Wh...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(7) **To deal thy bread.**—Literally, *to break bread, *as in the familiar phrase of the New Testament (Matthew 26:26; Acts 20:11; Acts 27:34). The bread of the Jews seems to have been made always in the thin oval cakes, which were naturally broken rather than cut. **The poor that are cast out.**—The words include all forms of homelessness—tenants evicted by their landlords, debtors by their credi...
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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**15. Go, get thee unto--**rather, "Go in to" (that is, into the house to). **treasurer--**"him who dwells in the tabernacle" [Jerome]; namely, in a room of the temple set apart for the treasurer. Rather, "the king's friend," or "principal officer of the court" (1Ki 4:5; 18:3; 1Ch 27:33, "the king's counsellor") [Maurer]. "This" is prefixed contemptuously (Ex 32:1). **unto Shebna--**The Hebrew...
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Then shall thy light break forth as the morning, and thine health shall spring forth speedily: and thy righteousness shall go before thee; the glory of the LORD shall be thy rereward. be: Heb. gather thee up

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KJV Study Commentary

God promises abundant blessing for those who practice true religion: "Then shall thy light break forth as the morning." The Hebrew <em>shachar</em> (morning/dawn) suggests sudden, glorious illumination after darkness. This light likely represents God's favor, vindication, and spiritual enlightenment (Isaiah 60:1-3, Malachi 4:2). "And thine health shall spring forth speedily" uses <em>arukhah</em> ...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(8) **Then shall thy light . . .**—The dawning of a new day, as in 2Samuel 23:4; the growth as of new and healthy flesh after long illness; “righteousness,” i.e., the sentence of acquittal in the eyes of all the world, as leading the van of a triumphant march, the “glory of Jehovah” following in the rear as a protection; all these images are heaped together to paint the fulness of blessing that fo...
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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**16. What ... whom--**The prophet accosts Shebna at the very place where he was building a grand sepulcher for himself and his family (compare Is 14:18; Ge 23:1-20; 49:29; 50:13). "What (business) hast thou here, and whom hast thou (of thy family, who is likely to be buried) here, that thou buildest," &amp;c., seeing that thou art soon to be deposed from office and carried into captivity? [Maurer...
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Then shalt thou call, and the LORD shall answer; thou shalt cry, and he shall say, Here I am. If thou take away from the midst of thee the yoke, the putting forth of the finger, and speaking vanity;

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KJV Study Commentary

Continuing the promises, God pledges immediate response to prayer: "Then shalt thou call, and the LORD shall answer; thou shalt cry, and he shall say, Here I am." This intimate response—"Here I am" (<em>hineni</em>)—is the same phrase Abraham, Moses, and Isaiah used when responding to God's call (Genesis 22:1, Exodus 3:4, Isaiah 6:8). God reciprocates their availability to Him with His availabilit...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(9) **Then shalt thou call.**—The words point to the secret of the prayer which is answered in contrast to the formal worship that found no acceptance (Isaiah 58:2; Isaiah 58:4). **The putting forth of the finger.**—The gesture (Cheyne compares the “*infamis digitus*” of Persius ii. 33) has in well-nigh all nations been a natural symbol of scorn. It is in action what the words “Raca” and “Thou foo...
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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**17. carry ... away with ... captivity--**rather, "will cast thee away with a mighty throw" [Maurer]. "Mighty," literally, "of a man" (so Job 38:3). **surely cover--**namely, with shame, where thou art rearing a monument to perpetuate thy fame [Vitringa]. "Rolling will roll thee," that is, will continually roll thee on, as a ball to be tossed away [Maurer]. Compare Is 22:18.

And if thou draw out thy soul to the hungry, and satisfy the afflicted soul; then shall thy light rise in obscurity, and thy darkness be as the noonday:

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KJV Study Commentary

God continues promising blessing for practical mercy: "And if thou draw out thy soul to the hungry, and satisfy the afflicted soul." "Draw out thy soul" (<em>taphek naphsho</em>) means to pour out yourself, giving not merely surplus but from personal resources and with personal involvement. "Satisfy the afflicted soul" requires meeting genuine needs—the Hebrew <em>anah</em> (afflicted) describes t...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(10) **Draw out thy soul.**—The words have been interpreted as meaning (1) giving up sensuous desires for the sake of others; (2) ministering of thy substance; (3) extending thy sympathy. On the whole, (3) seems preferable. **Then shall thy light rise.**—We note the recurrence of the imagery of Isaiah 9:2.

Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**18. violently turn and toss--**literally, "whirling He will whirl thee," that is, He will, without intermission, whirl thee [Maurer]. "He will whirl thee round and round, and (then) cast thee away," as a stone in a sling is first whirled round repeatedly, before the string is let go [Lowth]. **large country--**perhaps Assyria. **chariots ... shall be the shame of thy lord's house--**rather, ...
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And the LORD shall guide thee continually, and satisfy thy soul in drought, and make fat thy bones: and thou shalt be like a watered garden, and like a spring of water, whose waters fail not. drought: Heb. droughts fail: Heb. lie, or, deceive

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KJV Study Commentary

This verse promises God's continual guidance and provision to those who live righteously (context: genuine fasting, caring for the poor, avoiding sin). 'The LORD shall guide thee continually'—not occasional direction but constant leading, moment by moment divine guidance for life's journey. 'Satisfy thy soul in drought'—even in difficult seasons (spiritual, emotional, or physical 'drought'), God p...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(11) **In drought.**—Literally, *droughts, *either with the force of intensity or as meaning “dry places.” **And make fat.**—Better, *shall strengthen, *or *make supple.* **Like a watered garden.**—Comp. Psalm 1:3, Isaiah 44:3-4, Jeremiah 31:12, in the last of which we have the self-same phrase.

Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**19. state--**office. **he--**God. A similar change of persons occurs in Is 34:16.

And they that shall be of thee shall build the old waste places: thou shalt raise up the foundations of many generations; and thou shalt be called, The repairer of the breach, The restorer of paths to dwell in.

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KJV Study Commentary

God promises restoration and legacy: "And they that shall be of thee shall build the old waste places." The Hebrew <em>mimekha</em> (from/of thee) indicates descendants or followers—future generations will benefit from present faithfulness. "Build the old waste places" promises reconstruction of what has been destroyed. "Thou shalt raise up the foundations of many generations" speaks of re-establi...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(12) **Shall build the old waste places.**—The prophet contemplates primarily the restoration of the public and private buildings of Jerusalem, but the words have obviously a wider spiritual application. **The foundations of many generations**—*i.e.,* those that had been lying in ruins, with no superstructure, for even a longer period than the seventy years of exile. **Thou shalt be called . . .**...
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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**20. son of Hilkiah--**supposed by Kimchi to be the same as Azariah, son of Hilkiah, who perhaps had two names, and who was "over the household" in Hezekiah's time (1Ch 6:13).

If thou turn away thy foot from the sabbath, from doing thy pleasure on my holy day; and call the sabbath a delight, the holy of the LORD, honourable; and shalt honour him, not doing thine own ways, nor finding thine own pleasure, nor speaking thine own words:

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KJV Study Commentary

The conditional promise 'If thou turn away thy foot from the sabbath, from doing thy pleasure on my holy day' establishes that Sabbath-keeping requires intentional restraint from pursuing personal agenda. The call to make Sabbath a 'delight' rather than burden transforms duty to joy. The promise 'then shalt thou delight thyself in the LORD' shows that Sabbath properly observed deepens intimacy wit...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(13) **If thou turn away thy foot.**—The teaching of Isaiah 56:4-7, as to the Sabbath is resumed. The form of the phrase implies the idea that the Sabbath is as holy ground, on which no profane foot must tread (Exodus 3:5). **Thy pleasure.**—Better, *thy business.* **Nor speaking thine own words.**—Literally, *speak words, *as in Hosea 10:4, for idle unprofitable talk (Proverbs 10:19, Ecclesiastes...
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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**21. thy robe--**of office. **girdle--**in which the purse was carried, and to it was attached the sword; often adorned with gold and jewels. **father--**that is, a counsellor and friend.

Then shalt thou delight thyself in the LORD; and I will cause thee to ride upon the high places of the earth, and feed thee with the heritage of Jacob thy father: for the mouth of the LORD hath spoken it.

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KJV Study Commentary

The chapter concludes with promises for Sabbath observance: "Then shalt thou delight thyself in the LORD." The Hebrew <em>hitanag</em> (delight) describes exquisite pleasure and satisfaction—finding ultimate joy in God Himself rather than in created things. "And I will cause thee to ride upon the high places of the earth" uses military imagery of victory and dominion (Deuteronomy 32:13, 33:29). "A...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(14) **I will cause thee to ride upon the high, places of the earth.**—Better, *of the land: i.e., *of Canaan, the idea being that of a victorious march to occupy all commanding positions, and thus connecting itself with the full enjoyment of the heritage of Israel in the next clause. **Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers Text Courtesy of BibleSupport.com. Used by Permission. **Bible Hub

Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**22. key--**emblem of his office over the house; to "open" or "shut"; access rested with him. **upon ... shoulder--**So keys are carried sometimes in the East, hanging from the kerchief on the shoulder. But the phrase is rather figurative for sustaining the government on one's shoulders. Eliakim, as his name implies, is here plainly a type of the God-man Christ, the son of "David," of whom Isai...
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