King James Version

What Does Romans 8:15 Mean?

Romans 8:15 in the King James Version says “For ye have not received the spirit of bondage again to fear; but ye have received the Spirit of adoption, whereby we cr... — study this verse from Romans chapter 8 with commentary, cross-references, and original Greek word analysis.

For ye have not received the spirit of bondage again to fear; but ye have received the Spirit of adoption, whereby we cry, Abba, Father.

Romans 8:15 · KJV


Context

13

For if ye live after the flesh, ye shall die: but if ye through the Spirit do mortify the deeds of the body, ye shall live.

14

For as many as are led by the Spirit of God, they are the sons of God.

15

For ye have not received the spirit of bondage again to fear; but ye have received the Spirit of adoption, whereby we cry, Abba, Father.

16

The Spirit itself beareth witness with our spirit, that we are the children of God:

17

And if children, then heirs; heirs of God , and joint-heirs with Christ; if so be that we suffer with him, that we may be also glorified together.


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
For ye have not received the spirit of bondage again to fear (ou elabete pneuma douleias palin eis phobon)—Pneuma douleias ("spirit of bondage") likely refers to the Mosaic economy which couldn't liberate from sin's power and produced fear through curse-threats (Galatians 3:10; Hebrews 2:15). Palin ("again") suggests returning to pre-Christian slavery, whether Jewish legalism or Gentile paganism. Believers didn't receive a spirit of fear but of power, love, and sound mind (2 Timothy 1:7).

But ye have received the Spirit of adoption, whereby we cry, Abba, Father (elabete pneuma huiothesias, en hō krazomen, Abba ho patēr)—Huiothesia is Roman legal adoption, conferring full inheritance rights on those not natural-born sons. The Spirit enables krazō ("cry out")—not formal prayer but spontaneous, intimate address. Abba (Aramaic) and ho patēr (Greek) both mean Father; Jesus used Abba (Mark 14:36), teaching disciples this intimate address (Luke 11:2). The Spirit testifies to our adoption by enabling heart-cry only children can make.

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Historical & Cultural Context

Roman adoption (adoptio) was irrevocable, making adopted sons legal equals with natural-born sons. Emperor Augustus used adoption to secure succession. Paul's readers would understand: believers are permanently, legally, affectionately made God's children through sovereign choice, not natural descent (John 1:12-13).

Reflection Questions

  1. What fears characterize a "spirit of bondage"—how do Christians still fall into this mindset?
  2. How does understanding adoption (chosen, permanent, with full rights) deepen assurance of salvation?
  3. What does "Abba, Father" reveal about the intimacy believers enjoy with God—how does this shape prayer?

Original Language Analysis

Greek · 18 words
οὐ1 of 18

not

G3756

the absolute negative (compare g3361) adverb; no or not

γὰρ2 of 18

For

G1063

properly, assigning a reason (used in argument, explanation or intensification; often with other particles)

ἐλάβετε3 of 18

received

G2983

while g0138 is more violent, to seize or remove))

πνεῦμα4 of 18

the Spirit

G4151

a current of air, i.e., breath (blast) or a breeze; by analogy or figuratively, a spirit, i.e., (human) the rational soul, (by implication) vital prin

δουλείας5 of 18

of bondage

G1397

slavery (ceremonially or figuratively)

πάλιν6 of 18

again

G3825

(adverbially) anew, i.e., (of place) back, (of time) once more, or (conjunctionally) furthermore or on the other hand

εἰς7 of 18

to

G1519

to or into (indicating the point reached or entered), of place, time, or (figuratively) purpose (result, etc.); also in adverbial phrases

φόβον8 of 18

fear

G5401

alarm or fright

ἀλλ'9 of 18

but

G235

properly, other things, i.e., (adverbially) contrariwise (in many relations)

ἐλάβετε10 of 18

received

G2983

while g0138 is more violent, to seize or remove))

πνεῦμα11 of 18

the Spirit

G4151

a current of air, i.e., breath (blast) or a breeze; by analogy or figuratively, a spirit, i.e., (human) the rational soul, (by implication) vital prin

υἱοθεσίας12 of 18

of adoption

G5206

the placing as a son, i.e., adoption (figuratively, christian sonship in respect to god)

ἐν13 of 18

whereby

G1722

"in," at, (up-)on, by, etc

14 of 18
G3739

the relatively (sometimes demonstrative) pronoun, who, which, what, that

κράζομεν15 of 18

we cry

G2896

properly, to "croak" (as a raven) or scream, i.e., (genitive case) to call aloud (shriek, exclaim, intreat)

Αββα16 of 18

Abba

G5

father as a vocative

17 of 18
G3588

the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)

πατήρ18 of 18

Father

G3962

a "father" (literally or figuratively, near or more remote)


Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of Romans. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

Romans 8:15 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

Cross-References

Verses related to Romans 8:15 from Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

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