King James Version

What Does Psalms 78:66 Mean?

Psalms 78:66 in the King James Version says “And he smote his enemies in the hinder parts: he put them to a perpetual reproach. — study this verse from Psalms chapter 78 with commentary, cross-references, and original Hebrew word analysis.

And he smote his enemies in the hinder parts: he put them to a perpetual reproach.

Psalms 78:66 · KJV


Context

64

Their priests fell by the sword; and their widows made no lamentation.

65

Then the Lord awaked as one out of sleep, and like a mighty man that shouteth by reason of wine.

66

And he smote his enemies in the hinder parts: he put them to a perpetual reproach.

67

Moreover he refused the tabernacle of Joseph, and chose not the tribe of Ephraim:

68

But chose the tribe of Judah, the mount Zion which he loved.


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
And he smote his enemies in the hinder parts: he put them to a perpetual reproach. God's awakening (v. 65) immediately produces enemy defeat. Smote his enemies in the hinder parts (vayakh tzarav achor, וַיַּךְ־צָרָיו אָחוֹר) could mean striking them from behind (routing them in retreat) or afflicting their buttocks/rear (the specific location of Philistine tumors, 1 Samuel 5:6-12). Both readings emphasize humiliating defeat.

Perpetual reproach (cherpat olam, חֶרְפַּת עוֹלָם) means lasting shame. The Philistines' confidence in capturing Yahweh's ark turned to terror and disgrace. Their god Dagon fell prostrate before the ark; they suffered plagues; they desperately sent the ark back with guilt offerings. What seemed like their triumph became their enduring humiliation.

This pattern—enemies' apparent victory becoming their shame—recurs throughout redemptive history, culminating in the cross. Satan's seeming triumph in crucifying Jesus became his ultimate defeat. God specializes in turning enemies' weapons against them, making their attacks boomerang into their own destruction (Psalm 7:15-16).

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Historical & Cultural Context

The hemorrhoids/tumors afflicting Philistines (1 Samuel 5:6, 9, 12) caused such agony that they couldn't wait to return the ark. This judgment on paganism's representatives vindicated Yahweh's uniqueness. The incident became proverbial—Dagon's fallen idol and Philistia's plagues demonstrated that Israel's God couldn't be manipulated or defeated.

Reflection Questions

  1. How have you seen God turn apparent defeats into victories and enemies' weapons into their own downfall?
  2. What does God's humiliation of His enemies teach about His zeal for His own name and glory?
  3. In what ways did the cross function as 'perpetual reproach' to Satan and his kingdom?

Original Language Analysis

Hebrew · 7 words
וַיַּךְ1 of 7

And he smote

H5221

to strike (lightly or severely, literally or figuratively)

צָרָ֥יו2 of 7

his enemies

H6862

a pebble (as in h6864)

אָח֑וֹר3 of 7

in the hinder parts

H268

the hinder part; hence (adverb) behind, backward; also (as facing north) the west

חֶרְפַּ֥ת4 of 7

reproach

H2781

contumely, disgrace, the pudenda

ע֝וֹלָ֗ם5 of 7

them to a perpetual

H5769

properly, concealed, i.e., the vanishing point; generally, time out of mind (past or future), i.e., (practically) eternity; frequentatively, adverbial

נָ֣תַן6 of 7

he put

H5414

to give, used with greatest latitude of application (put, make, etc.)

לָֽמוֹ׃7 of 7
H0

Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of Psalms. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

Psalms 78:66 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

Cross-References

Verses related to Psalms 78:66 from Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

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