King James Version
What Does Numbers 33:42 Mean?
“And they departed from Zalmonah, and pitched in Punon.”
Numbers 33:42 · KJV
Context
40
And king Arad the Canaanite, which dwelt in the south in the land of Canaan, heard of the coming of the children of Israel.
41
And they departed from mount Hor, and pitched in Zalmonah.
42
And they departed from Zalmonah, and pitched in Punon.
43
And they departed from Punon, and pitched in Oboth.
44
And they departed from Oboth, and pitched in Ijeabarim, in the border of Moab. Ijeabarim: or, heaps of Abarim
Commentary
KJV Study CommentaryDeparted from Zalmonah, and pitched in Punon—פוּנֹן (Pūnōn, possibly 'darkness' or related to copper mining). This site is likely Feinan in Jordan, a region rich in copper deposits exploited from ancient times. Archaeological evidence confirms extensive Bronze Age mining operations there.
The journey from 'shade' (Zalmonah) to 'darkness' or metalworking (Punon) reflects the varied terrain of faithfulness—from comfort to labor, from rest to refining work. If Punon's name relates to copper smelting, it's theologically apt: God's people were being refined through wilderness trials like metal in fire (Deuteronomy 4:20 calls Egypt an 'iron furnace'). The smithy's heat purifies; wilderness disciplines sanctify.
The journey from 'shade' (Zalmonah) to 'darkness' or metalworking (Punon) reflects the varied terrain of faithfulness—from comfort to labor, from rest to refining work. If Punon's name relates to copper smelting, it's theologically apt: God's people were being refined through wilderness trials like metal in fire (Deuteronomy 4:20 calls Egypt an 'iron furnace'). The smithy's heat purifies; wilderness disciplines sanctify.
KJV Study — Public Domain
Historical & Cultural Context
Punon (modern Feinan, Jordan) was a major copper mining center in biblical times. The area's slag heaps and mining shafts date to the Bronze Age, making it one of the ancient Near East's significant metallurgical sites. Israel's route passed through economically valuable regions.
Reflection Questions
- How does the possible meaning of Punon ('copper refining') connect to the theological purpose of wilderness wandering?
- What does the progression from 'shade' to 'darkness/refining' teach about the alternating rhythms of comfort and trial in Christian life?
Original Language Analysis
Hebrew · 4 wordsוַיִּסְע֖וּ1 of 4
“And they departed”
H5265properly, to pull up, especially the tent-pins, i.e., start on a journey
וַֽיַּחֲנ֖וּ3 of 4
“and pitched”
H2583properly, to incline; by implication, to decline (of the slanting rays of evening); specifically, to pitch a tent; generally to encamp (for abode or s
Study Guide
Historical Context
This verse is found in the book of Numbers. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.
Theological Significance
Numbers 33:42 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.