King James Version

What Does Numbers 31:31 Mean?

Numbers 31:31 in the King James Version says “And Moses and Eleazar the priest did as the LORD commanded Moses. — study this verse from Numbers chapter 31 with commentary, cross-references, and original Hebrew word analysis.

And Moses and Eleazar the priest did as the LORD commanded Moses.

Numbers 31:31 · KJV


Context

29

Take it of their half, and give it unto Eleazar the priest, for an heave offering of the LORD.

30

And of the children of Israel's half, thou shalt take one portion of fifty, of the persons, of the beeves, of the asses, and of the flocks, of all manner of beasts, and give them unto the Levites, which keep the charge of the tabernacle of the LORD. flocks: or, goats

31

And Moses and Eleazar the priest did as the LORD commanded Moses.

32

And the booty, being the rest of the prey which the men of war had caught, was six hundred thousand and seventy thousand and five thousand sheep,

33

And threescore and twelve thousand beeves,


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
And Moses and Eleazar the priest did as the LORD commanded Moses—Perfect obedience formula. Moses nears death (Numbers 27:12-14), yet meticulously follows divine instruction. Eleazar co-leads, ensuring continuity. The phrase ka'asher tzivah YHWH (as the LORD commanded) appears throughout Numbers marking covenant faithfulness.

This verse punctuates the distribution regulations, emphasizing neither Moses nor Eleazar improvised or adjusted God's economic laws based on pragmatism. No 'creative interpretation' to favor soldiers or simplify complexity. Exact obedience in mundane matters (census, division, tribute) reveals character formed by covenant. Jesus will say, 'Faithful in little, faithful in much' (Luke 16:10).

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Historical & Cultural Context

This represents Moses' final administrative acts before death (Deuteronomy 34). His faithfulness 'in all God's house' (Hebrews 3:2,5) extends to financial distribution details, not just dramatic miracles. Eleazar's inclusion prepares Israel for leadership transition—Joshua (military) and Eleazar (priestly) will guide conquest.

Reflection Questions

  1. Why does Scripture record obedience to economic regulations as emphatically as obedience to moral commands?
  2. What does Moses' faithfulness in 'exit assignments' teach about finishing well in ministry or life stages?

Original Language Analysis

Hebrew · 9 words
וַיַּ֣עַשׂ1 of 9

did

H6213

to do or make, in the broadest sense and widest application

מֹשֶֽׁה׃2 of 9

And Moses

H4872

mosheh, the israelite lawgiver

וְאֶלְעָזָ֖ר3 of 9

and Eleazar

H499

elazar, the name of seven israelites

הַכֹּהֵ֑ן4 of 9

the priest

H3548

literally one officiating, a priest; also (by courtesy) an acting priest (although a layman)

כַּֽאֲשֶׁ֛ר5 of 9
H834

who, which, what, that; also (as an adverb and a conjunction) when, where, how, because, in order that, etc

צִוָּ֥ה6 of 9

commanded

H6680

(intensively) to constitute, enjoin

יְהוָ֖ה7 of 9

as the LORD

H3068

(the) self-existent or eternal; jeho-vah, jewish national name of god

אֶת8 of 9
H853

properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)

מֹשֶֽׁה׃9 of 9

And Moses

H4872

mosheh, the israelite lawgiver


Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of Numbers. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

Numbers 31:31 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

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