King James Version

What Does Matthew 5:43 Mean?

Matthew 5:43 in the King James Version says “Ye have heard that it hath been said, Thou shalt love thy neighbour, and hate thine enemy. — study this verse from Matthew chapter 5 with commentary, cross-references, and original Greek word analysis.

Ye have heard that it hath been said, Thou shalt love thy neighbour, and hate thine enemy.

Matthew 5:43 · KJV


Context

41

And whosoever shall compel thee to go a mile, go with him twain.

42

Give to him that asketh thee, and from him that would borrow of thee turn not thou away.

43

Ye have heard that it hath been said, Thou shalt love thy neighbour, and hate thine enemy.

44

But I say unto you, Love your enemies, bless them that curse you, do good to them that hate you, and pray for them which despitefully use you, and persecute you;

45

That ye may be the children of your Father which is in heaven: for he maketh his sun to rise on the evil and on the good, and sendeth rain on the just and on the unjust.


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
The command to love neighbors was clear (Leviticus 19:18), but 'hate thine enemy' was an addition never commanded by God. Jewish tradition sometimes justified hostility toward Gentiles and enemies. Jesus exposes this distortion and will command the radical alternative: enemy-love.

KJV Study — Public Domain

Historical & Cultural Context

While the OT commanded love for neighbors, it also commanded destruction of Canaanites and sometimes harsh treatment of enemies. Some Jews extrapolated that hating enemies was permissible or even righteous. The Qumran community explicitly taught hating 'sons of darkness.'

Reflection Questions

  1. How do you justify hatred or hostility toward certain groups or individuals?
  2. What cultural or political enemies are you most tempted to hate rather than love?

Original Language Analysis

Greek · 12 words
Ἠκούσατε1 of 12

Ye have heard

G191

to hear (in various senses)

ὅτι2 of 12

that

G3754

demonstrative, that (sometimes redundant); causative, because

ἐῤῥέθη,3 of 12

it hath been said

G4483

to utter, i.e., speak or say

Ἀγαπήσεις4 of 12

Thou shalt love

G25

to love (in a social or moral sense)

τὸν5 of 12
G3588

the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)

πλησίον6 of 12

neighbour

G4139

(adverbially) close by; as noun, a neighbor, i.e., fellow (as man, countryman, christian or friend)

σου7 of 12

thine

G4675

of thee, thy

καὶ8 of 12

and

G2532

and, also, even, so then, too, etc.; often used in connection (or composition) with other particles or small words

μισήσεις9 of 12

hate

G3404

to detest (especially to persecute); by extension, to love less

τὸν10 of 12
G3588

the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)

ἐχθρόν11 of 12

enemy

G2190

hateful (passively, odious, or actively, hostile); usually as a noun, an adversary (especially satan)

σου12 of 12

thine

G4675

of thee, thy


Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of Matthew. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

Matthew 5:43 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

Cross-References

Verses related to Matthew 5:43 from Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

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