King James Version

What Does Luke 18:10 Mean?

Luke 18:10 in the King James Version says “Two men went up into the temple to pray; the one a Pharisee, and the other a publican. — study this verse from Luke chapter 18 with commentary, cross-references, and original Greek word analysis.

Two men went up into the temple to pray; the one a Pharisee, and the other a publican.

Luke 18:10 · KJV


Context

8

I tell you that he will avenge them speedily . Nevertheless when the Son of man cometh, shall he find faith on the earth?

9

And he spake this parable unto certain which trusted in themselves that they were righteous, and despised others: that: or, as being righteous

10

Two men went up into the temple to pray; the one a Pharisee, and the other a publican.

11

The Pharisee stood and prayed thus with himself, God, I thank thee, that I am not as other men are, extortioners, unjust, adulterers, or even as this publican.

12

I fast twice in the week, I give tithes of all that I possess.


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
Two men went up into the temple to pray; the one a Pharisee, and the other a publican—Luke introduces the parable's stark contrast. The verb anebēsan (ἀνέβησαν) means 'went up,' reflecting Jerusalem's elevated position. Pharisaios (Φαρισαῖος) represented religious elite—separated ones devoted to Torah and tradition. Telōnēs (τελώνης) means tax collector, considered traitors who enriched themselves by collecting Roman taxes from fellow Jews.

The contrast is deliberate: the most respected religious figure versus the most despised collaborator. Jesus sets up a shocking reversal where the apparent saint is condemned and the obvious sinner is justified. This parable confronts self-righteousness that trusts in religious performance rather than God's mercy.

KJV Study — Public Domain

Historical & Cultural Context

The Jerusalem temple had specific areas for prayer. The Court of Israel (for Jewish men) surrounded the priests' court. Jews prayed at set hours—morning and afternoon sacrifices (Acts 3:1). Pharisees were known for conspicuous public prayers (Matthew 6:5). Tax collectors were banned from serving as judges or witnesses, considered ritually unclean through constant Gentile contact. This social context makes Jesus's reversal even more shocking to His first-century audience.

Reflection Questions

  1. Why does Jesus choose the most respected religious leader and the most despised sinner for this parable's contrast?
  2. What assumptions about righteousness does this parable's setup challenge?
  3. How might you be tempted toward Pharisaical comparison rather than humble dependence on God's mercy?

Original Language Analysis

Greek · 14 words
Ἄνθρωποι1 of 14

men

G444

man-faced, i.e., a human being

δύο2 of 14

Two

G1417

"two"

ἀνέβησαν3 of 14

went up

G305

to go up (literally or figuratively)

εἰς4 of 14

into

G1519

to or into (indicating the point reached or entered), of place, time, or (figuratively) purpose (result, etc.); also in adverbial phrases

τὸ5 of 14
G3588

the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)

ἱερὸν6 of 14

the temple

G2411

a sacred place, i.e., the entire precincts (whereas g3485 denotes the central sanctuary itself) of the temple (at jerusalem or elsewhere)

προσεύξασθαι7 of 14

to pray

G4336

to pray to god, i.e., supplicate, worship

8 of 14
G3588

the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)

εἷς9 of 14

the one

G1520

one

Φαρισαῖος10 of 14

a Pharisee

G5330

a separatist, i.e., exclusively religious; a pharisean, i.e., jewish sectary

καὶ11 of 14

and

G2532

and, also, even, so then, too, etc.; often used in connection (or composition) with other particles or small words

12 of 14
G3588

the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)

ἕτερος13 of 14

the other

G2087

(an-, the) other or different

τελώνης14 of 14

a publican

G5057

a tax-farmer, i.e., collector of public revenue


Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of Luke. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

Luke 18:10 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

Cross-References

Verses related to Luke 18:10 from Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

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