King James Version

What Does Luke 16:23 Mean?

Luke 16:23 in the King James Version says “And in hell he lift up his eyes, being in torments, and seeth Abraham afar off, and Lazarus in his bosom.” — study this verse from Luke chapter 16 with commentary, cross-references, and original Greek word analysis.

“And in hell he lift up his eyes, being in torments, and seeth Abraham afar off, and Lazarus in his bosom.”

Luke 16:23 · King James Version


Context

21

And desiring to be fed with the crumbs which fell from the rich man's table: moreover the dogs came and licked his sores.

22

And it came to pass, that the beggar died, and was carried by the angels into Abraham's bosom: the rich man also died, and was buried;

23

And in hell he lift up his eyes, being in torments, and seeth Abraham afar off, and Lazarus in his bosom.

24

And he cried and said, Father Abraham, have mercy on me, and send Lazarus, that he may dip the tip of his finger in water, and cool my tongue; for I am tormented in this flame.

25

But Abraham said, Son, remember that thou in thy lifetime receivedst thy good things, and likewise Lazarus evil things: but now he is comforted, and thou art tormented.


Commentaries4 scholars

KJV Study CommentaryPublic Domain
The rich man's torment: 'And in hell he lift up his eyes, being in torments, and seeth Abraham afar off, and Lazarus in his bosom.' The location is 'hell' (ᾅδῃ, hadē, Hades)—the place of the dead, here specifically the compartment of torment. He 'lift up his eyes' (ἐπάρας τοὺς ὀφθαλμοὺς αὐτοῦ, eparas tous ophthalmous autou) suggests conscious awareness. He is 'in torments' (ἐν βασάνοις, en basanois, in tortures)—plural, indicating multiple forms of suffering. He sees Abraham 'afar off' (ἀπὸ μακρόθεν, apo makrothen) and Lazarus 'in his bosom'—the recognition increases his anguish. The man who ignored Lazarus at his gate now sees him honored while he suffers. Hell involves both physical torment and psychological anguish—seeing what you've lost.

KJV Study — Public Domain

Historical & Cultural Context

This passage provides crucial revelation about intermediate state between death and resurrection. Contra annihilationism, the rich man consciously exists in torment. Contra soul sleep, he's fully aware. Contra universalism, his condition isn't temporary—the great gulf (v. 26) is fixed. Jesus teaches that hell is real, conscious, torturous, and irreversible. The parable doesn't detail hell's full nature (final judgment after resurrection will be worse, Revelation 20:11-15), but establishes that unbelievers immediately enter conscious suffering at death. This contradicts popular notions that death ends existence or that everyone eventually goes to heaven. Hell is Jesus' clearest teaching.

Reflection Questions

  1. How does Jesus' vivid description of hell challenge contemporary attempts to soften or eliminate this doctrine?
  2. What does seeing Abraham and Lazarus add to the rich man's torment?
  3. How should belief in hell's reality affect Christian evangelism and urgency?

Compare 4 commentaries from different scholars and time periods for a richer understanding.


Original Language Analysis

Greek · 22 words
καὶ1 of 22

“And”

G2532

and, also, even, so then, too, etc.; often used in connection (or composition) with other particles or small words

ἐν2 of 22

“in”

G1722

"in," at, (up-)on, by, etc

τῷ3 of 22
G3588

the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)

ᾅδῃ4 of 22

“hell”

G86

properly, unseen, i.e., "hades" or the place (state) of departed souls

ἐπάρας5 of 22

“he lift up”

G1869

to raise up (literally or figuratively)

τοὺς6 of 22
G3588

the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)

ὀφθαλμοὺς7 of 22

“eyes”

G3788

the eye (literally or figuratively); by implication, vision; figuratively, envy (from the jealous side-glance)

αὐτοῦ8 of 22

“his”

G846

the reflexive pronoun self, used (alone or in the comparative g1438) of the third person, and (with the proper personal pronoun) of the other persons

ὑπάρχων9 of 22

“being”

G5225

to begin under (quietly), i.e., come into existence (be present or at hand); expletively, to exist (as copula or subordinate to an adjective, particip

ἐν10 of 22

“in”

G1722

"in," at, (up-)on, by, etc

βασάνοις11 of 22

“torments”

G931

a touch-stone, i.e., (by analogy) torture

ὁρᾷ12 of 22

“and seeth”

G3708

by extension, to attend to; by hebraism, to experience; passively, to appear

τὸν13 of 22
G3588

the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)

Ἀβραὰμ14 of 22

“Abraham”

G11

abraham, the hebrew patriarch

ἀπὸ15 of 22

“off”

G575

"off," i.e., away (from something near), in various senses (of place, time, or relation; literal or figurative)

μακρόθεν16 of 22

“afar”

G3113

from a distance or afar

καὶ17 of 22

“And”

G2532

and, also, even, so then, too, etc.; often used in connection (or composition) with other particles or small words

Λάζαρον18 of 22

“Lazarus”

G2976

lazarus (i.e., elazar), the name of two israelites

ἐν19 of 22

“in”

G1722

"in," at, (up-)on, by, etc

τοῖς20 of 22
G3588

the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)

κόλποις21 of 22

“bosom”

G2859

the bosom; by analogy, a bay

αὐτοῦ22 of 22

“his”

G846

the reflexive pronoun self, used (alone or in the comparative g1438) of the third person, and (with the proper personal pronoun) of the other persons


Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of Luke. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

Luke 16:23 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

Cross-References

Verses related to Luke 16:23 from Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

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