King James Version

What Does Joshua 19:38 Mean?

Joshua 19:38 in the King James Version says “And Iron, and Migdalel, Horem, and Bethanath, and Bethshemesh; nineteen cities with their villages. — study this verse from Joshua chapter 19 with commentary, cross-references, and original Hebrew word analysis.

And Iron, and Migdalel, Horem, and Bethanath, and Bethshemesh; nineteen cities with their villages.

Joshua 19:38 · KJV


Context

36

And Adamah, and Ramah, and Hazor,

37

And Kedesh, and Edrei, and Enhazor,

38

And Iron, and Migdalel, Horem, and Bethanath, and Bethshemesh; nineteen cities with their villages.

39

This is the inheritance of the tribe of the children of Naphtali according to their families, the cities and their villages.

40

And the seventh lot came out for the tribe of the children of Dan according to their families.


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
And Iron, and Migdal-el, Horem, and Beth-anath, and Beth-shemesh; nineteen cities with their villages—The final Naphtali cities include Migdal-el ('tower of God') and two 'Beth' compounds: Beth-anath ('house of [goddess] Anath') and Beth-shemesh ('house of the sun'). The pagan names reflect Canaanite origins, yet they became Israelite possessions.

God redeems pagan names and purposes. Cities dedicated to false gods now worship Yahweh. This foreshadows the Great Commission: all nations, including idol-worshipers, can become God's inheritance (Psalm 2:8). Conversion transforms purpose, not just individuals but places and cultures.

KJV Study — Public Domain

Historical & Cultural Context

Beth-anath and Beth-shemesh reveal Canaanite polytheism—Anath was a war/fertility goddess, while sun worship was widespread. That Naphtali didn't rename these cities shows ancient Israel's inconsistent devotion, tolerating Canaanite influences that later corrupted their worship.

Reflection Questions

  1. What pagan influences in culture can be redeemed for God's glory rather than merely rejected?
  2. How does toleration of false worship practices eventually corrupt true faith?

Original Language Analysis

Hebrew · 12 words
וְיִרְאוֹן֙1 of 12

And Iron

H3375

jiron, a place in palestine

וּמִגְדַּל2 of 12
H0
אֵ֔ל3 of 12

and Migdalel

H4027

migdal-el, a place in palestine

חֳרֵ֥ם4 of 12

Horem

H2765

chorem, a place in palestine

וּבֵית5 of 12
H0
עֲנָ֖ת6 of 12

and Bethanath

H1043

beth-anath, a place in palestine

וּבֵ֣ית7 of 12
H0
שָׁ֑מֶשׁ8 of 12

and Bethshemesh

H1053

beth-shemesh, a place in palestine

עָרִ֥ים9 of 12

cities

H5892

a city (a place guarded by waking or a watch) in the widest sense (even of a mere encampment or post)

תְּשַֽׁע10 of 12

nineteen

H8672

nine or (ordinal) ninth

עֶשְׂרֵ֖ה11 of 12
H6240

ten (only in combination), i.e., -teen; also (ordinal) -teenth

וְחַצְרֵיהֶֽן׃12 of 12

with their villages

H2691

a yard (as inclosed by a fence); also a hamlet (as similarly surrounded with walls)


Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of Joshua. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

Joshua 19:38 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

Places in This Verse

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