King James Version

What Does Joshua 16:3 Mean?

Joshua 16:3 in the King James Version says “And goeth down westward to the coast of Japhleti, unto the coast of Bethhoron the nether, and to Gezer: and the goings o... — study this verse from Joshua chapter 16 with commentary, cross-references, and original Hebrew word analysis.

And goeth down westward to the coast of Japhleti, unto the coast of Bethhoron the nether, and to Gezer: and the goings out thereof are at the sea.

Joshua 16:3 · KJV


Context

1

And the lot of the children of Joseph fell from Jordan by Jericho, unto the water of Jericho on the east, to the wilderness that goeth up from Jericho throughout mount Bethel, fell: Heb. went forth

2

And goeth out from Bethel to Luz, and passeth along unto the borders of Archi to Ataroth,

3

And goeth down westward to the coast of Japhleti, unto the coast of Bethhoron the nether, and to Gezer: and the goings out thereof are at the sea.

4

So the children of Joseph, Manasseh and Ephraim, took their inheritance.

5

And the border of the children of Ephraim according to their families was thus: even the border of their inheritance on the east side was Atarothaddar, unto Bethhoron the upper;


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
And goeth down westward to the coast of Japhleti, unto the coast of Beth-horon the nether, and to Gezer: and the goings out thereof are at the sea—the boundary now turns westward, descending from the central mountain ridge toward the Mediterranean coastal plain. The phrase goeth down westward accurately describes the topography, as the terrain descends from the highlands (2,000+ feet) to the coastal plain (sea level).

Beth-horon the nether ("house of the hollow," בֵּית־חוֹרוֹן הַתַּחְתּוֹן) was the lower of twin cities guarding a strategic pass connecting the coast to Jerusalem. This pass witnessed Joshua's great victory when the sun stood still (Joshua 10:10-14) and later battles throughout Israelite history. The distinction between "upper" and "lower" Beth-horon reflects their positions on the ascending ridge—military control of this pass was essential for defending the highlands.

Gezer (גֶּזֶר) was one of Canaan's most important cities, controlling the main road from Egypt to Mesopotamia. Verse 10 reveals that Ephraim failed to conquer Gezer, allowing Canaanites to remain—a compromise with long-term consequences. The boundary reaching the sea (the Mediterranean) gave Joseph's tribes access to maritime trade, though they never developed significant naval power like their Phoenician neighbors.

KJV Study — Public Domain

Historical & Cultural Context

Archaeological excavations at Gezer have revealed massive fortifications and a gate complex from the Canaanite period, explaining why Ephraim found it difficult to conquer. The city remained Canaanite until the Egyptian pharaoh conquered it and gave it to Solomon as his daughter's dowry (1 Kings 9:16), over 400 years after Joshua. Beth-horon's strategic importance is evident from its mention in multiple biblical battles and in extrabiblical sources like the Amarna letters. The pass remained a crucial military objective through Roman times. The Mediterranean coast offered economic opportunities through trade, but Israel's lack of naval expertise meant Phoenician cities like Tyre and Sidon dominated maritime commerce while Israel focused on agriculture and land-based trade routes.

Reflection Questions

  1. What strategic spiritual positions (like Beth-horon) has God given you to guard, and are you maintaining vigilance or allowing compromise?
  2. How does Ephraim's failure to fully conquer Gezer warn against tolerating persistent sins because they seem too difficult or costly to remove?
  3. What boundaries in your life mark the extent of your calling and inheritance—are you content with God's allotment or coveting others' territories?

Original Language Analysis

Hebrew · 15 words
וְיָֽרַד1 of 15

And goeth down

H3381

to descend (literally, to go downwards; or conventionally to a lower region, as the shore, a boundary, the enemy, etc.; or figuratively, to fall); cau

יָֽמָּה׃2 of 15

thereof are at the sea

H3220

a sea (as breaking in noisy surf) or large body of water; specifically (with the article), the mediterranean sea; sometimes a large river, or an artif

אֶל3 of 15
H413

near, with or among; often in general, to

גְּב֧וּל4 of 15

to the coast

H1366

properly, a cord (as twisted), i.e., (by implication) a boundary; by extension the territory inclosed

הַיַּפְלֵטִ֗י5 of 15

of Japhleti

H3311

a japhletite or descendant of japhlet

עַ֣ד6 of 15
H5704

as far (or long, or much) as, whether of space (even unto) or time (during, while, until) or degree (equally with)

גְּב֧וּל7 of 15

to the coast

H1366

properly, a cord (as twisted), i.e., (by implication) a boundary; by extension the territory inclosed

בֵּית8 of 15
H0
חוֹרֹ֛ן9 of 15

of Bethhoron

H1032

beth-choron, the name of two adjoining places in palestine

תַּחְתּ֖וֹן10 of 15

the nether

H8481

bottommost

וְעַד11 of 15
H5704

as far (or long, or much) as, whether of space (even unto) or time (during, while, until) or degree (equally with)

גָּ֑זֶר12 of 15

and to Gezer

H1507

gezer, a place in palestine

וְהָי֥וּ13 of 15
H1961

to exist, i.e., be or become, come to pass (always emphatic, and not a mere copula or auxiliary)

תֹֽצְאֹתָ֖ו14 of 15

and the goings out

H8444

(only in plural collective) exit, i.e., (geographical) boundary, or (figuratively) deliverance, (actively) source

יָֽמָּה׃15 of 15

thereof are at the sea

H3220

a sea (as breaking in noisy surf) or large body of water; specifically (with the article), the mediterranean sea; sometimes a large river, or an artif


Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of Joshua. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

Joshua 16:3 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

Cross-References

Verses related to Joshua 16:3 from Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

Places in This Verse

Test Your Knowledge

Continue Your Study