King James Version

What Does Joshua 14:2 Mean?

Joshua 14:2 in the King James Version says “By lot was their inheritance, as the LORD commanded by the hand of Moses, for the nine tribes, and for the half tribe. — study this verse from Joshua chapter 14 with commentary, cross-references, and original Hebrew word analysis.

By lot was their inheritance, as the LORD commanded by the hand of Moses, for the nine tribes, and for the half tribe.

Joshua 14:2 · KJV


Context

1

And these are the countries which the children of Israel inherited in the land of Canaan, which Eleazar the priest, and Joshua the son of Nun, and the heads of the fathers of the tribes of the children of Israel, distributed for inheritance to them.

2

By lot was their inheritance, as the LORD commanded by the hand of Moses, for the nine tribes, and for the half tribe.

3

For Moses had given the inheritance of two tribes and an half tribe on the other side Jordan: but unto the Levites he gave none inheritance among them.

4

For the children of Joseph were two tribes, Manasseh and Ephraim: therefore they gave no part unto the Levites in the land, save cities to dwell in, with their suburbs for their cattle and for their substance.


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
Method of allocation: 'By lot was their inheritance, as the LORD commanded by the hand of Moses, for the nine tribes, and for the half tribe.' The use of lots (goral, גּוֹרָל) wasn't gambling but seeking divine guidance. Proverbs 16:33: 'The lot is cast into the lap; but the whole disposing thereof is of the LORD.' The lots revealed God's sovereign allocation, removing human favoritism. The distinction between nine-and-a-half tribes (receiving land in Canaan proper) and two-and-a-half tribes (already possessing Transjordan) shows precise accounting. The appeal to Moses's command establishes continuity—Joshua implements what Moses directed (Numbers 26:52-56, 33:54). This demonstrates faithful succession: honoring predecessor's directives while fulfilling one's own distinct role. The casting of lots also prevented disputes—no tribe could claim favoritism or unfairness since God Himself determined allocation.

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Historical & Cultural Context

The use of lots to determine land division fulfilled Moses's specific instructions (Numbers 26:55, 33:54). The lot system, administered by Eleazar through Urim and Thummim, ensured divine rather than human determination of tribal territories. This method was uniquely Israelite—surrounding nations allocated land through royal decree or military might. Ancient Near Eastern treaties sometimes used lot-casting for certain determinations, but Israel's comprehensive use of lots for territorial allocation was distinctive. The two-and-a-half tribes (Reuben, Gad, half-Manasseh) had already received Transjordan territory (chapter 13), so nine-and-a-half tribes received portions in Canaan proper. Levi received no territorial inheritance but cities scattered throughout other tribes (chapter 21), fulfilling Jacob's prophecy (Genesis 49:7) and ensuring priestly presence throughout Israel. The lot system created permanent, divinely-ordained boundaries that tribes couldn't later dispute as merely human arrangements.

Reflection Questions

  1. How does casting lots (seeking divine guidance) for significant decisions remove human bias and prevent disputes?
  2. What is the relationship between following predecessors' directions (Moses's commands) and fulfilling your own distinct calling?
  3. How should Christian communities seek divine guidance for major decisions today?

Original Language Analysis

Hebrew · 11 words
בְּגוֹרַ֖ל1 of 11

By lot

H1486

properly, a pebble, i.e., a lot (small stones being used for that purpose); figuratively, a portion or destiny (as if determined by lot)

נַֽחֲלָתָ֑ם2 of 11

was their inheritance

H5159

properly, something inherited, i.e., (abstractly) occupancy, or (concretely) an heirloom; generally an estate, patrimony or portion

כַּֽאֲשֶׁ֨ר3 of 11
H834

who, which, what, that; also (as an adverb and a conjunction) when, where, how, because, in order that, etc

צִוָּ֤ה4 of 11

commanded

H6680

(intensively) to constitute, enjoin

יְהוָה֙5 of 11

as the LORD

H3068

(the) self-existent or eternal; jeho-vah, jewish national name of god

בְּיַד6 of 11

by the hand

H3027

a hand (the open one [indicating power, means, direction, etc.], in distinction from h3709, the closed one); used (as noun, adverb, etc.) in a great v

מֹשֶׁ֔ה7 of 11

of Moses

H4872

mosheh, the israelite lawgiver

לְתִשְׁעַ֥ת8 of 11

for the nine

H8672

nine or (ordinal) ninth

הַמַּטֶּֽה׃9 of 11

tribe

H4294

a branch (as extending); figuratively, a tribe; also a rod, whether for chastising (figuratively, correction), ruling (a sceptre), throwing (a lance),

וַֽחֲצִ֥י10 of 11

and for the half

H2677

the half or middle

הַמַּטֶּֽה׃11 of 11

tribe

H4294

a branch (as extending); figuratively, a tribe; also a rod, whether for chastising (figuratively, correction), ruling (a sceptre), throwing (a lance),


Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of Joshua. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

Joshua 14:2 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

Cross-References

Verses related to Joshua 14:2 from Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

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