King James Version

What Does Jeremiah 38:2 Mean?

Thus saith the LORD, He that remaineth in this city shall die by the sword, by the famine, and by the pestilence: but he that goeth forth to the Chaldeans shall live; for he shall have his life for a prey, and shall live .

Jeremiah 38:2 · KJV


Context

1

Then Shephatiah the son of Mattan, and Gedaliah the son of Pashur, and Jucal the son of Shelemiah, and Pashur the son of Malchiah, heard the words that Jeremiah had spoken unto all the people, saying,

2

Thus saith the LORD, He that remaineth in this city shall die by the sword, by the famine, and by the pestilence: but he that goeth forth to the Chaldeans shall live; for he shall have his life for a prey, and shall live .

3

Thus saith the LORD, This city shall surely be given into the hand of the king of Babylon's army, which shall take it.

4

Therefore the princes said unto the king, We beseech thee, let this man be put to death: for thus he weakeneth the hands of the men of war that remain in this city, and the hands of all the people, in speaking such words unto them: for this man seeketh not the welfare of this people, but the hurt. welfare: Heb. peace


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
Thus saith the LORD, He that remaineth in this city shall die by the sword, by the famine, and by the pestilence: but he that goeth forth to the Chaldeans shall live; for he shall have his life for a prey, and shall live. This prophetic oracle exemplifies Jeremiah's consistent message during Jerusalem's final siege: surrender brings survival; resistance brings death. The threefold judgment formula—"sword, famine, and pestilence"—recurs throughout Jeremiah (14:12; 21:7, 9; 24:10) as covenant curses for disobedience (Deuteronomy 28:21-22, 25-26).

The phrase "he shall have his life for a prey" (vehayetah-lo nafsho leshalal) uses military imagery—gaining one's life as war spoils. This paradoxical language (losing everything yet gaining life) anticipates Jesus' teaching: "Whoever loses his life for my sake will find it" (Matthew 16:25). Submission to God's revealed will, even when it appears to bring loss, actually preserves what matters most.

Theologically, this verse teaches: (1) God's sovereignty over historical events—He determines outcomes, not human military strategy; (2) obedience to God's word brings life even when it contradicts human wisdom; (3) covenant violations bring divine judgment through natural means (enemy armies); (4) God's mercy persists even in judgment—a way of escape remains for those who heed His word. The Reformed doctrine of providence affirms God's control over political and military events to accomplish His purposes.

KJV Study — Public Domain

Historical & Cultural Context

This prophecy came during the Babylonian siege of Jerusalem (588-586 BCE). Military logic dictated resistance—surrender meant national extinction and personal humiliation. Yet Jeremiah declared God's will contradicted military wisdom. This placed him in an impossible position politically, appearing as a traitor to his nation while actually offering the only path to survival.

History vindicated Jeremiah completely. Jerusalem fell in 586 BCE after a brutal siege. Those who remained died by sword, famine, or disease; those who defected to Babylon survived. The archaeological record shows destruction layers from this period across Judean cities—Lachish, Azekah, and finally Jerusalem—confirming the biblical account. Jeremiah's contemporaries who rejected his counsel paid with their lives; the few who heeded survived. This demonstrates the practical wisdom of obeying God's word even when it defies conventional thinking.

Reflection Questions

  1. When has obeying God's clear word required you to act contrary to human wisdom or popular opinion?
  2. How does the promise that obedience preserves 'life as prey' encourage faithfulness even when it seems costly?
  3. In what ways does this passage challenge nationalistic or political loyalties that might conflict with God's revealed will?

Original Language Analysis

Hebrew · 19 words
כֹּה֮1 of 19
H3541

properly, like this, i.e., by implication, (of manner) thus (or so); also (of place) here (or hither); or (of time) now

אָמַ֣ר2 of 19

Thus saith

H559

to say (used with great latitude)

יְהוָה֒3 of 19

the LORD

H3068

(the) self-existent or eternal; jeho-vah, jewish national name of god

הַיֹּשֵׁב֙4 of 19

He that remaineth

H3427

properly, to sit down (specifically as judge. in ambush, in quiet); by implication, to dwell, to remain; causatively, to settle, to marry

בָּעִ֣יר5 of 19

in this city

H5892

a city (a place guarded by waking or a watch) in the widest sense (even of a mere encampment or post)

הַזֹּ֔את6 of 19
H2063

this (often used adverb)

יָמ֕וּת7 of 19

shall die

H4191

to die (literally or figuratively); causatively, to kill

בַּחֶ֖רֶב8 of 19

by the sword

H2719

drought; also a cutting instrument (from its destructive effect), as a knife, sword, or other sharp implement

בָּרָעָ֣ב9 of 19

by the famine

H7458

hunger (more or less extensive)

וּבַדָּ֑בֶר10 of 19

and by the pestilence

H1698

a pestilence

וְהַיֹּצֵ֤א11 of 19

but he that goeth forth

H3318

to go (causatively, bring) out, in a great variety of applications, literally and figuratively, direct and proxim

אֶל12 of 19
H413

near, with or among; often in general, to

הַכַּשְׂדִּים֙13 of 19

to the Chaldeans

H3778

a kasdite, or descendant of kesed; by implication, a chaldaean (as if so descended); also an astrologer (as if proverbial of that people

וָחָֽי׃14 of 19

and shall live

H2421

to live, whether literally or figuratively; causatively, to revive

וְהָיְתָה15 of 19
H1961

to exist, i.e., be or become, come to pass (always emphatic, and not a mere copula or auxiliary)

לּ֥וֹ16 of 19
H0
נַפְשׁ֛וֹ17 of 19

for he shall have his life

H5315

properly, a breathing creature, i.e., animal of (abstractly) vitality; used very widely in a literal, accommodated or figurative sense (bodily or ment

לְשָׁלָ֖ל18 of 19

for a prey

H7998

booty

וָחָֽי׃19 of 19

and shall live

H2421

to live, whether literally or figuratively; causatively, to revive


Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of Jeremiah. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

Jeremiah 38:2 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

Cross-References

Verses related to Jeremiah 38:2 from Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

Test Your Knowledge

Continue Your Study