King James Version

What Does James 2:20 Mean?

James 2:20 in the King James Version says “But wilt thou know, O vain man, that faith without works is dead? — study this verse from James chapter 2 with commentary, cross-references, and original Greek word analysis.

But wilt thou know, O vain man, that faith without works is dead?

James 2:20 · KJV


Context

18

Yea, a man may say, Thou hast faith, and I have works: shew me thy faith without thy works, and I will shew thee my faith by my works. without: some copies read, by

19

Thou believest that there is one God; thou doest well: the devils also believe, and tremble.

20

But wilt thou know, O vain man, that faith without works is dead?

21

Was not Abraham our father justified by works, when he had offered Isaac his son upon the altar?

22

Seest thou how faith wrought with his works, and by works was faith made perfect? Seest: or, Thou seest


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
But wilt thou know, O vain man, that faith without works is dead? James addresses the foolish man (anthrōpe kene, ἄνθρωπε κενέ), asking if he wants to know that faith without works is barren (argos, ἀργός). The adjective means idle or useless. Empty claims need rebuke; James confronts complacency head-on.

Reformed theology values pastoral admonition: mere assent without obedience is vanity. James's sharp tone signals the danger of lifeless faith.

KJV Study — Public Domain

Historical & Cultural Context

Antinomian tendencies threatened early churches, prompting strong apostolic correction (cf. Jude 4). James, shepherding diaspora believers, uses wisdom literature's bluntness to awaken sleepers. Paul's questions in Romans 6 mirror this rhetorical style.

Reflection Questions

  1. Where do you need a wake-up call regarding idle faith?
  2. Who has permission to confront you about hypocrisy?
  3. How will you respond to James's rebuke with repentance?

Original Language Analysis

Greek · 14 words
θέλεις1 of 14

wilt

G2309

to determine (as an active option from subjective impulse; whereas g1014 properly denotes rather a passive acquiescence in objective considerations),

δὲ2 of 14

But

G1161

but, and, etc

γνῶναι3 of 14

thou know

G1097

to "know" (absolutely) in a great variety of applications and with many implications (as follow, with others not thus clearly expressed)

4 of 14

O

G5599

as a sign of the vocative case, o; as a note of exclamation, oh

ἄνθρωπε5 of 14

man

G444

man-faced, i.e., a human being

κενέ6 of 14

vain

G2756

empty (literally or figuratively)

ὅτι7 of 14

that

G3754

demonstrative, that (sometimes redundant); causative, because

8 of 14
G3588

the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)

πίστις9 of 14

faith

G4102

persuasion, i.e., credence; moral conviction (of religious truth, or the truthfulness of god or a religious teacher), especially reliance upon christ

χωρὶς10 of 14

without

G5565

at a space, i.e., separately or apart from (often as preposition)

τῶν11 of 14
G3588

the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)

ἔργων12 of 14

works

G2041

toil (as an effort or occupation); by implication, an act

νεκρά13 of 14

dead

G3498

dead (literally or figuratively; also as noun)

ἐστιν14 of 14

is

G2076

he (she or it) is; also (with neuter plural) they are


Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of James. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

James 2:20 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

Cross-References

Verses related to James 2:20 from Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

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