King James Version

What Does Isaiah 66:18 Mean?

Isaiah 66:18 in the King James Version says “For I know their works and their thoughts: it shall come, that I will gather all nations and tongues; and they shall com... — study this verse from Isaiah chapter 66 with commentary, cross-references, and original Hebrew word analysis.

For I know their works and their thoughts: it shall come, that I will gather all nations and tongues; and they shall come, and see my glory.

Isaiah 66:18 · KJV


Context

16

For by fire and by his sword will the LORD plead with all flesh: and the slain of the LORD shall be many.

17

They that sanctify themselves, and purify themselves in the gardens behind one tree in the midst, eating swine's flesh, and the abomination, and the mouse, shall be consumed together, saith the LORD. behind: or, one after another

18

For I know their works and their thoughts: it shall come, that I will gather all nations and tongues; and they shall come, and see my glory.

19

And I will set a sign among them, and I will send those that escape of them unto the nations, to Tarshish, Pul, and Lud, that draw the bow, to Tubal, and Javan, to the isles afar off, that have not heard my fame, neither have seen my glory; and they shall declare my glory among the Gentiles.

20

And they shall bring all your brethren for an offering unto the LORD out of all nations upon horses, and in chariots, and in litters, and upon mules, and upon swift beasts, to my holy mountain Jerusalem, saith the LORD, as the children of Israel bring an offering in a clean vessel into the house of the LORD. litters: or, coaches


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
A crucial transitional verse: "For I know their works and their thoughts: it shall come, that I will gather all nations and tongues; and they shall come, and see my glory." God's comprehensive knowledge—ma'aseihem umachsheroteihem (works and thoughts)—establishes His just judgment (nothing hidden). Then comes promise: He will gather all nations (goyim) and tongues (leshonot)—comprehensive ethnic and linguistic diversity. They will "see my glory" (kevodi). This is ambiguous: gathering for judgment or salvation? Context suggests both—gathering for final judgment (v.15-17, 24) yet also for worship (v.19-21, 23). From a Reformed perspective, this describes both aspects of God's sovereign plan: gathering all humanity for final judgment (Revelation 20:12) and gathering the elect from all nations for salvation (Revelation 7:9). God's glory is revealed in both justice and mercy. Some see His glory and worship; others see it and are consumed. The elect from all ethnicities will worship (v.23), while the wicked face eternal judgment (v.24). Divine sovereignty encompasses both outcomes.

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Historical & Cultural Context

Throughout history, God has gathered nations—sometimes for judgment (Joel 3:2, 12, Zephaniah 3:8), sometimes for blessing (Isaiah 2:2-4, 60:3, Micah 4:1-2). At Pentecost, the Spirit gathered people from many nations and tongues (Acts 2:5-11)—initial fulfillment of ingathering for salvation. Throughout church history, the elect are gathered from every tribe and tongue (Revelation 5:9, 7:9). Complete fulfillment comes at Christ's return when all nations are gathered—some to eternal life, others to eternal punishment (Matthew 25:31-46, Revelation 20:11-15). God's glory is fully revealed in both mercy to the elect and justice toward the reprobate.

Reflection Questions

  1. What does God's comprehensive knowledge of works and thoughts mean for final judgment?
  2. How can the gathering of all nations be both for judgment and for salvation?
  3. What does it mean to 'see God's glory,' and how do people respond differently to this revelation?

Original Language Analysis

Hebrew · 13 words
וְאָנֹכִ֗י1 of 13
H595

i

מַעֲשֵׂיהֶם֙2 of 13

For I know their works

H4639

an action (good or bad); generally, a transaction; abstractly, activity; by implication, a product (specifically, a poem) or (generally) property

וּמַחְשְׁבֹ֣תֵיהֶ֔ם3 of 13

and their thoughts

H4284

a contrivance, i.e., (concretely) a texture, machine, or (abstractly) intention, plan (whether bad, a plot; or good, advice)

וּבָ֖אוּ4 of 13

and they shall come

H935

to go or come (in a wide variety of applications)

לְקַבֵּ֥ץ5 of 13

that I will gather

H6908

to grasp, i.e., collect

אֶת6 of 13
H853

properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)

כָּל7 of 13
H3605

properly, the whole; hence, all, any or every (in the singular only, but often in a plural sense)

הַגּוֹיִ֖ם8 of 13

all nations

H1471

a foreign nation; hence, a gentile; also (figuratively) a troop of animals, or a flight of locusts

וְהַלְּשֹׁנ֑וֹת9 of 13

and tongues

H3956

the tongue (of man or animals), used literally (as the instrument of licking, eating, or speech), and figuratively (speech, an ingot, a fork of flame,

וּבָ֖אוּ10 of 13

and they shall come

H935

to go or come (in a wide variety of applications)

וְרָא֥וּ11 of 13

and see

H7200

to see, literally or figuratively (in numerous applications, direct and implied, transitive, intransitive and causative)

אֶת12 of 13
H853

properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)

כְּבוֹדִֽי׃13 of 13

my glory

H3519

properly, weight, but only figuratively in a good sense, splendor or copiousness


Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of Isaiah. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

Isaiah 66:18 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

Cross-References

Verses related to Isaiah 66:18 from Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

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