King James Version

What Does Hosea 4:15 Mean?

Hosea 4:15 in the King James Version says “Though thou, Israel, play the harlot, yet let not Judah offend; and come not ye unto Gilgal, neither go ye up to Bethave... — study this verse from Hosea chapter 4 with commentary, cross-references, and original Hebrew word analysis.

Though thou, Israel, play the harlot, yet let not Judah offend; and come not ye unto Gilgal, neither go ye up to Bethaven, nor swear, The LORD liveth.

Hosea 4:15 · KJV


Context

13

They sacrifice upon the tops of the mountains, and burn incense upon the hills, under oaks and poplars and elms, because the shadow thereof is good: therefore your daughters shall commit whoredom, and your spouses shall commit adultery.

14

I will not punish your daughters when they commit whoredom, nor your spouses when they commit adultery: for themselves are separated with whores, and they sacrifice with harlots: therefore the people that doth not understand shall fall. I will not: or, Shall I not fall: or, be punished

15

Though thou, Israel, play the harlot, yet let not Judah offend; and come not ye unto Gilgal, neither go ye up to Bethaven, nor swear, The LORD liveth.

16

For Israel slideth back as a backsliding heifer: now the LORD will feed them as a lamb in a large place.

17

Ephraim is joined to idols: let him alone.


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
Warning to Judah: 'Though thou, Israel, play the harlot, yet let not Judah offend; and come not ye unto Gilgal, neither go ye up to Beth-aven, nor swear, The LORD liveth.' Despite pronouncing judgment on northern Israel, God warns southern Judah to avoid identical sin. Gilgal and Beth-aven (scornful name for Bethel, meaning 'house of vanity' instead of 'house of God') were major northern shrines. The prohibition against swearing 'The LORD liveth' refers to invoking YHWH's name in oaths while practicing idolatry—blasphemous hypocrisy. This demonstrates God's patience toward Judah and His desire that they learn from Israel's judgment. Jesus similarly warns: 'Remember Lot's wife' (Luke 17:32)—past judgments instruct the wise. Only by fleeing idolatry and clinging to Christ do we escape judgment's path.

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Historical & Cultural Context

Gilgal, originally site of Israel's covenant renewal after Jordan crossing (Joshua 4-5), had become corrupted worship center (Hosea 9:15, Amos 4:4, 5:5). Beth-el (Bethel), where Jacob encountered God (Genesis 28:19), Jeroboam I perverted by erecting golden calf (1 Kings 12:28-29). Hosea mockingly calls it Beth-aven ('house of nothingness/wickedness'). Despite Israel's imminent fall (722 BC), Judah survived until 586 BC—partly because some kings (Hezekiah, Josiah) heeded prophetic warnings and pursued reform. Yet Judah ultimately failed similarly, proving that warnings unheeded become judgments executed. Church history parallels: denominations falling into apostasy warn others to guard truth vigilantly.

Reflection Questions

  1. How should observing others' spiritual decline and judgment motivate personal vigilance and corporate reformation?
  2. What does it mean to invoke God's name ('The LORD liveth') while living in contradiction to His character and commands?

Original Language Analysis

Hebrew · 18 words
אִם1 of 18
H518

used very widely as demonstrative, lo!; interrogative, whether?; or conditional, if, although; also oh that!, when; hence, as a negative, not

זֹנֶ֤ה2 of 18

play the harlot

H2181

to commit adultery (usually of the female, and less often of simple fornication, rarely of involuntary ravishment); figuratively, to commit idolatry (

אַתָּה֙3 of 18
H859

thou and thee, or (plural) ye and you

יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל4 of 18

Though thou Israel

H3478

he will rule as god; jisral, a symbolical name of jacob; also (typically) of his posterity

אַל5 of 18
H408

not (the qualified negation, used as a deprecative); once (job 24:25) as a noun, nothing

יֶאְשַׁ֖ם6 of 18

offend

H816

to be guilty; by implication to be punished or perish

יְהוּדָ֑ה7 of 18

yet let not Judah

H3063

jehudah (or judah), the name of five israelites; also of the tribe descended from the first, and of its territory

וְאַל8 of 18
H408

not (the qualified negation, used as a deprecative); once (job 24:25) as a noun, nothing

תָּבֹ֣אוּ9 of 18

and come

H935

to go or come (in a wide variety of applications)

הַגִּלְגָּ֗ל10 of 18

not ye unto Gilgal

H1537

gilgal, the name of three places in palestine

וְאַֽל11 of 18
H408

not (the qualified negation, used as a deprecative); once (job 24:25) as a noun, nothing

תַּעֲלוּ֙12 of 18

neither go ye up

H5927

to ascend, intransitively (be high) or actively (mount); used in a great variety of senses, primary and secondary, literal and figurative

בֵּ֣ית13 of 18
H0
אָ֔וֶן14 of 18

to Bethaven

H1007

beth-aven, a place in palestine

וְאַל15 of 18
H408

not (the qualified negation, used as a deprecative); once (job 24:25) as a noun, nothing

תִּשָּׁבְע֖וּ16 of 18

nor swear

H7650

to seven oneself, i.e., swear (as if by repeating a declaration seven times)

חַי17 of 18

liveth

H2416

alive; hence, raw (flesh); fresh (plant, water, year), strong; also (as noun, especially in the feminine singular and masculine plural) life (or livin

יְהוָֽה׃18 of 18

The LORD

H3068

(the) self-existent or eternal; jeho-vah, jewish national name of god


Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of Hosea. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

Hosea 4:15 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

Cross-References

Verses related to Hosea 4:15 from Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

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