King James Version

What Does Genesis 38:20 Mean?

Genesis 38:20 in the King James Version says “And Judah sent the kid by the hand of his friend the Adullamite, to receive his pledge from the woman's hand: but he fou... — study this verse from Genesis chapter 38 with commentary, cross-references, and original Hebrew word analysis.

And Judah sent the kid by the hand of his friend the Adullamite, to receive his pledge from the woman's hand: but he found her not.

Genesis 38:20 · KJV


Context

18

And he said, What pledge shall I give thee? And she said, Thy signet, and thy bracelets, and thy staff that is in thine hand. And he gave it her, and came in unto her, and she conceived by him.

19

And she arose, and went away, and laid by her vail from her, and put on the garments of her widowhood.

20

And Judah sent the kid by the hand of his friend the Adullamite, to receive his pledge from the woman's hand: but he found her not.

21

Then he asked the men of that place, saying, Where is the harlot, that was openly by the way side? And they said, There was no harlot in this place. openly: or, in Enajim

22

And he returned to Judah, and said, I cannot find her; and also the men of the place said, that there was no harlot in this place.


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
And Judah sent the kid by the hand of his friend the Adullamite, to receive his pledge from the woma... This passage is part of the Joseph narrative, a masterfully crafted account demonstrating God's sovereign providence working through human choices and circumstances to accomplish His redemptive purposes. The Joseph cycle shows how God transforms evil intentions into instruments of salvation.

Central themes include divine providence orchestrating events toward redemptive ends, the testing and refinement of character through suffering and success, forgiveness overcoming betrayal and injustice, and the preservation of God's covenant people through famine. Joseph's rise from slavery to second-in-command of Egypt illustrates how God exalts the humble and uses seeming disasters for ultimate good.

Theologically, these chapters reveal: (1) God's meticulous sovereignty over all events, even evil human actions; (2) suffering as preparation for future service rather than punishment; (3) forgiveness as reflecting divine character and enabling reconciliation; (4) God's covenant faithfulness across generations ensuring the survival and blessing of His people; (5) how present suffering gains meaning when viewed from the perspective of God's larger purposes. Joseph's words "you meant evil against me, but God meant it for good" (50:20) epitomize biblical theodicy and providence.

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Historical & Cultural Context

The patriarchal narratives (Genesis 12-50) reflect the cultural, social, and legal customs of the ancient Near East during the Middle Bronze Age (2000-1500 BCE). Archaeological discoveries including the Mari tablets, Nuzi tablets, and Egyptian records confirm many details: nomadic pastoralism, covenant-making ceremonies, marriage customs, property laws, and international travel patterns described in Genesis.

The cultural practices reflected include: treaty/covenant forms (Genesis 15), bride-price customs (Genesis 24, 29), inheritance laws favoring firstborn sons (Genesis 25, 27), adoption practices (Genesis 15, 30), levirate-type arrangements (Genesis 38), and Egyptian administrative systems (Genesis 41, 47). These parallels confirm Genesis's historical reliability while showing how God worked within ancient cultural frameworks to accomplish His purposes.

For later Israelites, these narratives established their identity as Abraham's descendants, explained their claim to Canaan, justified their possession of Joseph's bones (Exodus 13:19), and provided models of faith despite imperfection. The patriarchs' failures and God's faithfulness encouraged Israel that covenant relationship depended on God's grace rather than human merit. The movement from Mesopotamia to Canaan to Egypt set the stage for the Exodus and conquest narratives.

Reflection Questions

  1. How does this verse deepen our understanding of God's character and His relationship with creation?
  2. What obstacles prevent us from living out the truths presented in this verse?
  3. How does this passage point forward to Christ and the gospel of redemption?

Original Language Analysis

Hebrew · 14 words
וַיִּשְׁלַ֨ח1 of 14

sent

H7971

to send away, for, or out (in a great variety of applications)

יְהוּדָ֜ה2 of 14

And Judah

H3063

jehudah (or judah), the name of five israelites; also of the tribe descended from the first, and of its territory

אֶת3 of 14
H853

properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)

גְּדִ֣י4 of 14

the kid

H1423

a young goat (from browsing)

הָֽעִזִּ֗ים5 of 14
H5795

a she-goat (as strong), but masculine in plural (which also is used elliptically for goat's hair)

מִיַּ֣ד6 of 14

by the hand

H3027

a hand (the open one [indicating power, means, direction, etc.], in distinction from h3709, the closed one); used (as noun, adverb, etc.) in a great v

רֵעֵ֣הוּ7 of 14

of his friend

H7453

an associate (more or less close)

הָֽעֲדֻלָּמִ֔י8 of 14

the Adullamite

H5726

an adullamite or native of adullam

לָקַ֥חַת9 of 14

to receive

H3947

to take (in the widest variety of applications)

הָעֵֽרָב֖וֹן10 of 14

his pledge

H6162

a pawn (given as security)

מִיַּ֣ד11 of 14

by the hand

H3027

a hand (the open one [indicating power, means, direction, etc.], in distinction from h3709, the closed one); used (as noun, adverb, etc.) in a great v

הָֽאִשָּׁ֑ה12 of 14

from the woman's

H802

a woman

וְלֹ֖א13 of 14
H3808

not (the simple or abs. negation); by implication, no; often used with other particles

מְצָאָֽהּ׃14 of 14

but he found her

H4672

properly, to come forth to, i.e., appear or exist; transitively, to attain, i.e., find or acquire; figuratively, to occur, meet or be present


Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of Genesis. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

Genesis 38:20 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

Cross-References

Verses related to Genesis 38:20 from Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

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